URGENSI PENANGGULANGAN TINDAK PIDANA PERDAGANGAN ORANG (TPPO) MELALUI BEST PRACTISE KEIMIGRASIAN: STUDI PADA MODUS OPERANDI ONLINESCAMMING

FAKHRI HAFIZ AM, Prof.Dr.Heribertus Jaka Triyana,S.H.,LL.M.,M.A

2026 | Tesis | S2 ILMU HUKUM JAKARTA

Perkembangan Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang (TPPO) menunjukkan transformasi

signifikan seiring pemanfaatan teknologi informasi, khususnya melalui modus operandi

online scamming yang terhubung dengan praktik judi daring dan kejahatan siber lintas

negara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kendala yang dihadapi oleh otoritas

keimigrasian dalam menangani TPPO dengan modus online scamming berdasarkan Undang-

Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2011 tentang Keimigrasian, serta merumuskan penerapan best

practice keimigrasian dalam memperkuat upaya penanggulangan TPPO.

Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis-empiris dengan metode kualitatif.

Pendekatan yuridis dilakukan melalui analisis peraturan perundang-undangan nasional dan

instrumen hukum internasional terkait TPPO dan keimigrasian, sedangkan pendekatan

empiris dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam dengan pejabat imigrasi pada Tempat

Pemeriksaan Imigrasi serta analisis praktik penegakan hukum keimigrasian.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa otoritas keimigrasian menghadapi berbagai kendala,

antara lain keterbatasan waktu pemeriksaan, kapasitas sumber daya manusia, belum

optimalnya pemanfaatan sistem intelijen keimigrasian berbasis analisis risiko, serta belum

terintegrasinya perspektif perlindungan korban TPPO dalam prosedur operasional. Penelitian

ini menyimpulkan bahwa penanggulangan TPPO dengan modus online scamming

memerlukan penerapan best practice keimigrasian yang berbasis selektifitas, profiling

penumpang berisiko, pemanfaatan sistem informasi keimigrasian, dan koordinasi lintas

sektor, dengan tetap mengedepankan prinsip perlindungan hak asasi manusia.

The development of human trafficking crimes has undergone a significant transformation with the

advancement of information technology, particularly through online scamming schemes linked to

online gambling and transnational cybercrime. This modus operandi poses new challenges to

immigration law enforcement, as victims often travel across borders using formally valid travel

documents, making early detection through conventional immigration control mechanisms

increasingly difficult. This study aims to analyze the obstacles faced by immigration authorities in

addressing human trafficking cases involving online scamming under Law Number 6 of 2011 on

Immigration, as well as to formulate immigration best practices to strengthen countermeasures

against such crimes.

This research employs a juridical-empirical approach using qualitative methods. The juridical

analysis examines national legislation and relevant international legal instruments concerning

human trafficking and immigration, while the empirical approach is conducted through in-depth

interviews with immigration officials at Immigration Checkpoints and an analysis of immigration

law enforcement practices in handling online scamming-based trafficking cases.

The findings reveal that immigration authorities encounter several challenges, including limited

inspection time at immigration checkpoints, insufficient human resource capacity, suboptimal

utilization of risk-based immigration intelligence systems, and the lack of integration of a victim-

centered protection perspective into immigration operational procedures. This study concludes

that combating human trafficking through online scamming requires the implementation of

immigration best practices that emphasize selective policy enforcement, risk-based passenger

profiling, the effective use of immigration information systems, and strengthened inter-agency

coordination, while consistently upholding human rights principles.

Kata Kunci : koordinasi kebijakan, TPPO, perlindungan WNI, kerja sama antar-lembaga, Kamboja.