Politik Adopsi Norma Global di Kawasan: Analisis Norm Life Cycle dalam Penerapan Norma Global di ASEAN

Muhammad Ismail Anshari, Dr. Luqmanul Hakim, S.IP., M.A.

2026 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Hubungan Internasional

Penelitian ini menganalisis strategi ASEAN, sebagai organisasi kawasan, dalam mendorong implementasi norma siber global di lingkup kawasan dan diinternalisasikan pada tingkat domestik. Sejak diadopsinya resolusi PBB 70/237, diskusi keamanan siber meluas hingga tingkat regional, termasuk ASEAN. Kesenjangan kapasitas dan kapabilitas keamanan siber antar negara anggota ASEAN berkontribusi terhadap perbedaan pemahaman isu siber. Hal ini memengaruhi politik pembentukan tata kelola keamanan siber regional yang memadai dalam memfasilitasi isu keamanan siber. Mengacu pada kerangka berpikir teori rezim dan norm life cycle yang menekankan tiga tahapan—norm emergence, norm cascade, dan internalization—tesis ini menganalisis bagaimana divergensi karakteristik, kapasitas, dan kepentingan kawasan memengaruhi pembentukan dan efektivitas tata kelola siber regional dalam berkontribusi mendorong implementasi norma siber di kawasan. Tesis ini berargumen bahwa ASEAN secara normatif telah memasuki tahap internalization, meski belum belum merata akibat diversitas implementasi di tingkat domestik. Divergensi tersebut membatasi efektivitas tata kelola siber regional dalam mengakomodasi kepentingan kolektif, sehingga berdampak pada belum optimalnya internalisasi norma siber di tingkat kawasan.

This study analyzes ASEAN’s strategy, as a regional organization, in promoting the implementation of global cyber norms at the regional level and their internalization at the domestic level. Since the adoption of UN General Assembly Resolution 70/237, cybersecurity discussions have expanded beyond the global arena to the regional level, including ASEAN. Gaps in cybersecurity capacity and capabilities among ASEAN member states have contributed to differing national understandings of cyber issues. These disparities, in turn, shape the politics of establishing an effective regional cybersecurity governance framework capable of addressing cybersecurity challenges. Drawing on regime theory and the norm life cycle framework, which emphasizes three stages—norm emergence, norm cascade, and internalization—this thesis examines how divergences in characteristics, capacities, and interests among ASEAN member states influence the formation and effectiveness of regional cyber governance in advancing the implementation of cyber norms across the region. The thesis argues that, at a normative level, ASEAN has entered the stage of internalization, although this process remains uneven due to variations in domestic implementation. Such divergences constrain the effectiveness of regional cyber governance in accommodating collective interests, resulting in the suboptimal internalization of cyber norms at the regional level.

Kata Kunci : rezim, norma, keamanan, siber, ASEAN