Pengaruh Pemberian Sediaan Bahan Alam Imunostimulan Terhadap Proliferasi Limfosit, Ekspresi mRNA NF-kappaB p65 dan NFATc1 Limpa Mencit BALB/c

Sinta Dwi Septiningtyas, Prof. Dr. dr. Eti Nurwening Sholikhah, M.Kes., M.Med.Ed., Sp.KKLP. ; drg. Fara Silvia Yuliani, M.Sc., Ph.D.

2026 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kedokteran Dasar dan Biomedis

Latar belakang: Pengembangan agen imunostimulan berbasis bahan alam merupakan pendekatan preventif untuk memelihara kesehatan serta meningkatkan daya tahan tubuh terhadap infeksi dan penyakit. Tanaman herbal, seperti Zingiber officinale var. Amarum, Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum, Blumea balsamifera, Mentha arvensis, Alstonia scholaris, Myristica fragrans, Panax ginseng dan royal jelly diketahui memiliki berbagai kandungan senyawa yang dapat menstimulasi serta menyeimbangkan sistem imun.

Tujuan penelitian: Menganalisis efek pemberian sediaan bahan alam imunostimulan terhadap proliferasi limfosit, ekspresi mRNA NF-kappaB p65 dan NFATc1 limpa mencit BALB/c.

Metode: Sebanyak 24 ekor mencit BALB/c dibagi secara acak ke dalam 4 kelompok, yaitu kelompok kontrol dan 3 kelompok perlakuan dengan pemberian sediaan bahan alam imunostimulan dengan masing-masing dosis 0,592 mg/gBB, 0,789 mg/gBB, dan 1,183 mg/gBB selama 14 hari. Uji proliferasi limfosit limpa diukur menggunakan metode MTT, sedangkan pemeriksaan ekspresi mRNA NF-kappaB p65 dan NFATc1 limpa diukur menggunakan RT-qPCR.

Hasil: Pemberian sediaan bahan alam imunostimulan dosis 0,592; 0,789; dan 1,189 mg/gBB meningkatkan proliferasi limfosit limpa mencit BALB/c masing-masing sebesar 111,2 ± 5,9%, 127 ± 6,2%, dan 146 ± 9,7% dibandingkan kontrol, namun peningkatan pada dosis 0,592 mg/gBB tidak berbeda signifikan secara statistik. Dosis yang sama juga meningkatkan ekspresi mRNA NF-kappaB p65 limpa mencit BALB/c masing-masing sebesar 1,34 ± 0,11; 1,81 ± 0,10; dan 2,07 ± 0,18 kali terhadap kontrol, namun dosis 0,592 mg/gBB tidak berbeda signifikan. Pemberian sediaan bahan alam imunostimulan dosis 0,592; 0,789; dan 1,183 mg/gBB secara signifikan meningkatkan ekspresi mRNA NFATc1 limpa mencit BALB/c masing-masing sebesar 2,07 ± 0,31; 2,75 ± 0,41; dan 3,22 ± 0,23 kali terhadap kontrol.

Kesimpulan: Sediaan bahan alam imunostimulan secara signifikan meningkatkan proliferasi limfosit, ekspresi mRNA NF-kappaB p65 dan NFATc1 limpa mencit BALB/c.

Kata kunci: Bahan alam, Imunostimulan, proliferasi limfosit, NF-kappaB p65, NFATc1

Background: The development of immunostimulant agents derived from natural products represents a preventive approach to maintaining health and enhancing the body’s resistance to infections and diseases. Herbal plants such as Zingiber officinale var. Amarum, Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum, Blumea balsamifera, Mentha arvensis, Alstonia scholaris, Myristica fragrans, Panax ginseng, and royal jelly are known to contain various bioactive compounds that can stimulate and modulate the immune system.

Objectives: Analyze the effects of natural immunostimulant preparation on lymphocyte proliferation and the mRNA expression of NF-kappaB p65 and NFATc1 in the spleen of BALB/c mice.

Methods: A total of 24 BALB/c mice were randomly divided into four groups: a control group and three treatment groups receiving the natural immunostimulant preparation at doses of 0.592, 0.789, and 1.183 mg/gBW for 14 days. Splenic lymphocyte proliferation was assessed using the MTT assay, while the mRNA expression of NF-kappaB p65 and NFATc1 in the spleen was analyzed using RT-qPCR.

Results: Administration of the natural immunostimulant at doses of 0,592; 0,789; and 1,189 mg/gBW increased splenic lymphocyte proliferation in BALB/c mice by 111,2 ± 5,9%, 127 ± 6,2%, and 146 ± 9,7% relative to control, although the effect at 0,592 mg/gBW was not significant. The same doses also increased splenic NF-kappaB p65 mRNA expression in BALB/c mice by 1,34 ± 0,11; 1,81 ± 0,10; and 2,07 ± 0,18-fold relative to the control group, although the increase at 0,592 mg/gBW was not significant. Administration of the natural immunostimulant preparation at doses of 0,592; 0.789; and 1,183 mg/gBW significantly increased splenic NFATc1 mRNA expression in BALB/c mice by 2,07 ± 0,31; 2,75 ± 0,41; and 3,22 ± 0,23-fold respectively compared with the control group.

Conclusion: The natural immunostimulant preparation significantly increased lymphocyte proliferation and the mRNA expression of NF-kappaB p65 and NFATc1 in the spleen of BALB/c mice.

Keywords:  Natural product, Immunostimulant,  lymphocyte proliferation, NF-kappaB p65,  NFATc1

Kata Kunci : Bahan alam, Imunostimulan, proliferasi limfosit, NF-kappaB p65, NFATc1