Analisis Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan dan Sikap Masyarakat terhadap Penerimaan Vaksin Japanese Encephalitis (JE) di Kabupaten Pati

Luthfiana Mei Rahmasari, Prof. Dr. apt. Susi Ari Kristina, M.Kes.

2026 | Skripsi | FARMASI

Japanese Encephalitis (JE) merupakan penyakit infeksi akut pada sistem saraf pusat yang disebabkan oleh Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV) dan ditularkan melalui gigitan nyamuk. Penyakit ini bersifat zoonosis dengan babi dan burung air sebagai reservoir utama, sedangkan manusia merupakan dead-end host. Di Indonesia, JE masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat karena dapat menyebabkan kecacatan jangka panjang hingga kematian, terutama pada anak-anak. Hingga saat ini, pencegahan JE terutama dilakukan melalui vaksinasi, khususnya di daerah endemis seperti Kabupaten Pati. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran karakteristik sosiodemogarafi, penerimaan, sikap dan penerimaan masyarakat terhadap vaksin JE serta menganalisis hubungan tingkat pengetahuan dan sikap masyarakat terhadap penerimaan vaksin JE di Kabupaten Pati.

Penelitian ini menggunakan desain non-eksperimental kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Populasi penelitian adalah masyarakat Kabupaten Pati dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 130 responden yang dipilih menggunakan metode convenience sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner terstruktur yang mencakup karakteristik sosiodemografi, tingkat pengetahuan, sikap, dan penerimaan vaksin JE. Instrumen penelitian telah melalui uji validitas dan reliabilitas. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif (univariat) serta analisis bivariat menggunakan uji Chi-Square atau Fisher’s Exact melalui perangkat lunak IBM SPSS untuk mengetahui hubungan antarvariabel dengan tingkat signifikansi 95% (p<0>

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 49% responden memiliki tingkat pengetahuan yang baik dan 98,5% menunjukkan sikap positif terhadap penyakit dan vaksin Japanese Encephalitis (JE), dengan tingkat penerimaan vaksin JE yang tinggi (89,2%). Analisis bivariat menunjukkan bahwa tingkat pengetahuan berhubungan signifikan dengan penerimaan vaksin JE (p=0,007), demikian pula jenis kelamin responden (p=0,020) dan sumber informasi mengenai JE (p=0,002), di mana responden perempuan dan memperoleh informasi dari media, sekolah, atau fasilitas kesehatan cenderung memiliki penerimaan yang lebih baik. Sementara itu, sikap tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan secara statistik dengan penerimaan vaksin JE (p=0,205), sikap yang positif memiliki kecenderungan yang baik.

Japanese Encephalitis (JE) is an acute infectious disease of the central nervous system caused by the Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV) and transmitted through mosquito bites. The disease is zoonotic, with pigs and wading birds serving as primary reservoirs, while humans act as dead-end hosts. In Indonesia, JE remains a public health concern due to its potential to cause long-term neurological disability and death, particularly among children. Vaccination is the main preventive strategy recommended by the World Health Organization, especially in endemic areas such as Pati Regency. This study aims to describe the sociodemographic characteristics, levels of knowledge, attitudes, and community acceptance of the JE vaccine, as well to analyze the relationship between the level of knowledge and attitudes of the community and the acceptance of the JE vaccine in Pati Regency.

This study employed a non-experimental quantitative design with a cross-sectional approach, involving 130 respondents from Pati Regency selected using convenience sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire assessing sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge, attitudes, and acceptance of the JE vaccine. The questionnaire items were tested for validity and reliability. Data were analyzed descriptively and through bivariate analysis using the Chi-Square or Fisher’s Exact test with IBM SPSS software, with a significance level of 95% (p<0>

The results showed that 49% of respondents had a good level of knowledge and 98.5?monstrated positive attitudes toward JE disease and vaccination, while acceptance of the JE vaccine was high (89.2%). Bivariate analysis revealed that knowledge was significantly associated with JE vaccine acceptance (p=0.007). In addition, respondents’ gender (p=0.020) and sources of information about JE (p=0.002) were also significantly associated with vaccine acceptance, with female respondents and those who obtained information from media, schools, or healthcare facilities showing higher acceptance. Meanwhile, attitudes were not statistically associated with vaccine acceptance (p=0.205), however positive attitudes tended to be more prevalent among respondents with higher vaccine acceptance. These findings suggest that strengthening public education and improving access to accurate and reliable information are essential strategies to enhance JE vaccine acceptance in endemic communities.

Kata Kunci : Japanese Encephalitis, Vaksinasi, Pengetahuan, Sikap, Penerimaan, Kabupaten Pati