VARIASI PRODUKTIVITAS PANGKASAN KAYU PUTIH ASAL LIMA PROVENANS Dl KEBUN BENIH SEMAI UJI KETURUNAN PALIYAN, GUNUNG KIDUL

ARI SETYANI, Prof. Dr. Ir. H. Moch. Na’ iem, M. Agr.; Ir. Mudji Susanto, M.P

2003 | Skripsi | S1 KEHUTANAN

Kebun Benih Semai Uji Keturunan (KBSUK) M. cajuputi subsp. cajuputi didirikan di Paliyan, Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta pada bulan Maret 1998 atas kerjasama CSIRO Forestry and Forest Product -kmimMa. dan Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Pemuliaan Tanaman Hutan-Yogyakarta. KBSUK ini dirancang menggunakan RCBD yang terdiri dari lima provenans, satu ras lahan, satu famili M. viridiflora. Bahan utama dalam industri minyak kayu putih adalah cabang dan daun sehingga kuantitas dan kualitas minyak kayu putih akan tergantung pada produktivitas daun, jumlah cabang dan juga prosen 1,8-cineole yang tinggi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah 1) mengetahui variasi produktivitas pangkasan kayu putih di antara provenans dan di antara famili di dalam provenans, 2) mengetahui korelasi antara : jumlah cabang, berat total pangkasan, rendemen minyak, dan kadar 1,8-cineole, 3) mengetahui pengaruh genetik pada jumlah cabang dan berat total pangkasan. Pengukuran jumlah cabang dan berat total pangkasan dilakukan pada bulan Mei 2002 dengan umur pangkasan 12 bulan setelah pangkasan terakhir. Jumlah cabang yang telah dihitung dan dikumpulkan, kemudian ditimbang berat basahnya (metode berat basah) Analisis varians menunjukkan beda nyata antar provenans dan antar famili di dalam provenans. Produktivitas pangkasan grup provenans P. Burn sebesar 6.150, P. Seram 6.524, P. Ambon 4.413, Northern Territory Australia 4.499, Western Australia 3.384, Gundih 6.643, dan Tanimbar 2.604 kg/ha/th. Nilai korelasi fenotipik antar parameter yang diamati adalah positif dan negatif. Estimasi heritabilitas individu untuk jumlah cabang 0,12 dan untuk berat total pangkasan 0,09.

Progeny test seedling seed orchard of M. cajuputi subsp. cajuputi was established in Paliyan, Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta on March 1998 by cooperation between CSIRO Forestry and Forest Product-Australia and The Centre of Forest Biotechnology and Tree Improvement Research and Development, Department of Forestry-Indonesia. The trial was designed by using RCBD that involving five provenance groups, one land race, and one single family of M. viridiflora. The main element of cajuput oil industries are leave and branches. So the quantity and quality of cajuput oil will depend on the amount of leaf productivity, a number of branches and also high content of 1,8-cineole percent. The purposes of this research were 1) to study variation in coppice productivity between provenance and family within provenance, 2) to study correlations between the traits : a number of branches, total weight of coppice, oil concentration and 1,8-cineole percent, 3) to study genetic effect on a number of branches and total weight of coppice. The assessment of total weight of coppice and a number of branches in the trial was carried out on May 2002. The age of coppice was one year old after the last selection in the trial. A number of branches collected were weighed in fresh weight method. Variance analysis suggested that there were significant differences between provenance and family within provenance. The coppice productivity on Burn Island provenance group was 6.150, Seram Island was 6.524, Ambon Island was 4.513, Northern Territory Australia was 4.499, Western Australia was 3.384, Gundih was 6.643, and Tanimbar was 2.604 kgs/ha/year. The phenotipic correlations values between traits were positive and negative. Estimation of individual heritability for total weight of coppice and a number of branches was 0.09 and 0.12 respectively.

Kata Kunci : kayu putih, produktivitas pangkasan, berat total pangkasan, famili, provenans, kebun benih semai uji keturunan, variasi, heritabilitas.