Implementasi konsep otonomi desa dalam era otonomi luas di Kabupaten Buol Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah

RAHIM, Moh. Yamin, Prof.Dr. Dahlan Thaib, SH.,MSi

2005 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Hukum (Magister Hukum Kenegaraan)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sejauhmana konsep otonomi desa dalam era otonomi luas terimplementasi dalam penyelenggaraan pemerintahan desa di Kabupaten Buol, dan mengetahui hambatan atau kendala yang ditemukan dalam mengimplementasikan konsep tersebut dan upaya yang ditempuh oleh Pemerintah Daerah dalam mengatasi hambatan tersebut, serta mengapa pengaturan masalah konsep otonomi desa disatukan dengan pengaturan mengenai pemerintahan daerah. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif, yuridis komparatif, yuridis historis, dan yuridis sosiologis. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini meliputi data primer dan data sekunder. Data primer diperoleh melalui penelitian lapangan dengan menggunakan cara-cara pengumpulan melalui wawancara, dan daftar quisioner, sedangkan data sekunder diperoleh melalui penelitian kepustakaan dan studi dokumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) konsep otonomi desa sebagaimana yang dimaksudkan dalam peraturan perundang-undangan belum sepenuhnya terimplementasi dalam penyelenggaraan pemerintahan desa, (2) adanya beberapa hambatan-hambatan yang dihadapi dalam mengimplementasikan konsep tersebut, diantaranya lemahnya sumber daya manusia aparatur desa, (3) Upaya-upaya yang dilakukan pemerintah daerah dalam mengantisipasi hambatan tersebut di antaranya mengeluarkan kebijakan dengan memberikan pelimpahan sebagian wewenang pemerintah daerah kepada Camat, (4) terjadinya inkonsistensi peraturan perundang-undangan yang mengatur mengenai pemerintahan desa dengan konsep otonominya. Agar konsep otonomi desa dalam era otonomi luas terimplementasi, maka penyusun menyarankan sebagai berikut : 1. Pemerintah desa perlu diatur dengan UU tersendiri untuk menghilangkan kesalahan penafsiran terhadap pelaksanaan otonomi daerah dengan otonomi desa 2. Untuk memaksimalkan tersosialisasinya produk-produk hukum yang berkaitan dengan pelaksanaan pemerintahan desa agar dianggarkan dalam APBD Kabupaten Buol. 3. Sebagai wujud terimplementasinya konsep otonomi desa di Kabupaten Buol, maka melalui lembaga adat yang ada perlu menggali kembali hukum adat yang pernah hidup dan berlaku bagi masyarakat Buol serta memfungsikannya secara proporsional guna menopang pembangunan daerah terutama dalam mendorong terciptanya kreatifitas, partisipasi, dan kemandirian masyarakat. Di samping itu istilah “desa” yang digunakan dalam penyebutan institusi pemerintahan desa yang selama ini digunakan, perlu mengembalikan penyebutan tersebut kepada penyebutan berdasarkan asal usul daerah setempat yang dikenal dengan istilah “Kambung”.

The research aimed to know the implementation of the concept of village autonomy within the era of extended autonomy district of Buol and to know the constraints faced in the implementation of it. It also aimed to find out what efforts have been carried out by local government to overcome them and to know the reasons why the arrangement of concept of village autonomy is included and implemented simultaneously with the autonomy of local government. The research was conducted by applying the Norm-Juridical, Comparative- Juridical, Historical-Juridical, and Sociological- Juridical approaches. Data collected and used in the research consist of primary data and secondary ones. Primary data were obtained by conducting interviews and distributing questionnaire lists. Secondary data were obtained and collected through library and documentary studies. The result research showed (1) the concept of village autonomy as accommodated in legislation of local autonomy is not completely or not implemented as a whole in organizing the village government activities, (2) the lack of human resources of village officials constitutes the major problem in implementing concept of village autonomy, (3)one of the efforts taken up by local government in solving the problem is by releasing policy of giving over a part of local government authority of district to the chief of subdistrict to run the government tasks., (4) inconsistency occurred between the legislation that cover the local autonomy rules and the concept of village autonomy in the implementation in the field. In order that the concept of village autonomy can be perfectly be implemented in the sense of extended autonomy, the write suggest that: 1. The village government requires to be arranged in a separated code of law to eliminate the miss-interpretation toward the implementation of local autonomy and village autonomy. 2. It needs to be prepared and budgeted the implementation of village government in Local Budget of Income and Expenditure (APBD) for socializing the legal products concerning with the implementation village autonomy. 3. As the sign of implementation of village autonomy concept in district Buol, it is necessary to carry out rediscovering the customary law that had been existing in the village through the customary institution in the village. By doing so, the customary law can be functioned proportionally in order to support local development programs. It will primarily motivate the existence of creativity, participation, and self-supported society. In addition, the term of “Desa” which has been being used as the official term in the institution of village government, needed to be changed to its original expression on the basis of local or surrounding village background which known as “Kambung”.

Kata Kunci : Hukum Tata Negara,Otonomi Daerah,Otonomi Desa, concept of village autonomy, extended autonomy