EVALUASI MUTU TRUE POTATO SEED DAN SELEKSI KLONAL GENERASI F1 KENTANG (Solanum tuberosum L.) HASIL PERSILANGAN NON-INBRED BERDASAR SIFAT UMUR GENJAH

Agung Rizal Setiawan, Dr.nat.techn. Rizky Pasthika Kirana, S.P., M.Sc.

2026 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Pemuliaan Tanaman

Kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) memiliki potensi besar dalam perbaikan genetik,

namun pengembangannya masih menghadapi keterbatasan akibat perbanyakan

vegetatif umbi klonal yang kurang efisien dan minim variabilitas genetik. True potato

seed (TPS) merupakan propagul biji generatif hasil reproduksi seksual, sebagai dasar

penghasil variabilitas genetik yang luas dan potensi perbaikan genetik kentang.

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi kombinasi tetua tetraploid non-inbred terbaik

dalam menghasilkan TPS dengan kualitas mutu dan kuantitas benih tinggi, dan

evaluasi awal F1 Progeni dengan sifat agronomis unggul dan umur genjah. Penelitian

menggunakan desain persilangan full diallel antara empat tetua non-inbred, dengan

evaluasi progeni F1 menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dan mixed model untuk

memperoleh estimasi Best Linear Unbiased Estimates (BLUEs). Evaluasi mutu benih

TPS dilakukan berdasar standar ISTA, evaluasi F1 dihitung menggunakan parameter

agronomis BLUEs, nilai heritabilitas (H), kemajuan genetik (GA), dan index seleksi

MGIDI. Validasi molekuler menggunakan marker umur genjah SCARA2-02,

SCARA4-21, dan SCARA5-16. Hasil menunjukkan kombinasi persilangan LPD x

MZD (LM) menghasilkan rerata (215 biji/beri) dengan viabilitas 94,74%, serta tetua

LPD x GRL (LG) menghasilkan (173 biji/beri) dengan viabilitas 91,33%. Nilai

Reproductive Efficiency Index (REI) tertinggi diperoleh pada LM (1939,91) dan LG

(1475,18) menghasilkan parameter kualitas dan kuantitas TPS terbaik. Progeni F1

LG 35 dan LG 29 teridentifikasi sebagai kandidat awal klon berumur genjah (90 hst)

dan (95 hst) dengan kemampuan produktivitas (216,67 gr/tanaman) dan (437,68

gr/tanaman). Integrasi data fenotipik dan molekuler menunjukkan kesesuaian antara

pola amplifikasi penanda SCARA dengan ekspresi fenotip umur genjah. Penelitian ini

memberikan kerangka praktis untuk seleksi generasi klonal awal dalam program

pemuliaan kentang berbasis TPS berdaya hasil tinggi dan berumur genjah.

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) has considerable potential for genetic improvement;

however, its development remains constrained by reliance on vegetative propagation

using clonal tubers, which is inefficient and limits genetic variability. True Potato Seed

(TPS) is a generative propagule produced through sexual reproduction and

represents a promising basis for generating broad genetic variability and enhancing

genetic gain in potato breeding. This study aimed to identify the best combinations of

non-inbreed tetraploid parents for producing TPS with high seed quality and quantity,

and to conduct early evaluation of F1 Progenies with superior agronomic performance

and early maturity. The study employed a full diallel crossing design involving four

non-inbreed parents. F1 Progenies were evaluated using a completely randomized

design, and data were analyzed with a mixed model approach to obtain Best Linear

Unbiased Estimates (BLUEs). TPS seed quality was assessed according to ISTA

standards, while F1 Progenies were evaluated based on agronomic traits using

BLUEs, estimates of heritability (H), genetic advance (GA), and the MGIDI selection

index. Molecular validation was conducted using early-maturity markers SCARA2-02,

SCARA4-21, and SCARA5-16. The results showed that the cross LPD x MZD (LM)

produced an average of (215 seeds/berry) with 94.74% viability, while LPD x GRL

(LG) produced (173 seeds per berry) 91.33% viability. The highest Reproductive

Efficiency Index (REI) values were observed for LM (1939.91) and LG (1475.18),

indicating superior TPS quality and quantity. F1 progenies LG 35 and LG 29 were

identified as early-maturing clonal candidates, reaching harvest at 90 and 95 days

after planting, with tuber yields of 216.67 g/plant and 437.68 g/plant, respectively.

Integration of phenotypic and molecular data confirmed consistency between SCARA

marker amplification patterns and early-maturity phenotypic expression. This study

provides a practical framework for early clonal selection in TPS based potato breeding

programs targeting high yield and early maturity.

Kata Kunci : Kentang (Solanum tuberosum), Persilangan Non-Inbred, F1 Progeni, Seleksi Klonal, Seleksi MGIDI, TPS (True Potato Seed), Penanda molekuler, Umur genjah.