Association between Body Measurement Levels (Body Composition and Body Mass Index) and the Occurrence of Dyslipidemia in Obese Children
Sulthan Azfa Aryasanda, dr. Braghmandita Widya Indraswari, M.Sc., Sp.A(K)., Ph.D.; dr. Retno Palupi, B.Med.Sc., Sp.A., Subsp.Nefro(K).
2026 | Skripsi | PENDIDIKAN DOKTER
Pendahuluan: Peningkatan prevalensi obesitas pada anak berkaitan dengan dislipidemia, yang dapat menjadi faktor risiko penyakit kardiovaskular di masa dewasa. Meskipun Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) digunakan sebagai alat skrining standar, IMT belum tentu mencerminkan risiko metabolik secara akurat karena tidak mempertimbangkan variasi komposisi tubuh. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan IMT dan komposisi tubuh dengan kejadian dislipidemia pada anak obesitas untuk mengidentifikasi prediktor yang lebih presisi bagi intervensi dini.
Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan antara tingkat pengukuran tubuh, termasuk indeks massa tubuh, persentase lemak tubuh, massa tulang, dan massa otot, dengan kejadian dislipidemia pada anak obesitas.
Metode: Penelitian observasional dengan desain potong lintang (cross-sectional) ini melibatkan anak usia 4–17 tahun yang didiagnosis obesitas di poliklinik dan bangsal anak RSUP Dr. Sardjito pada periode Januari hingga Maret 2025. Parameter komposisi tubuh, termasuk persentase lemak tubuh, massa otot, dan massa tulang, diukur menggunakan bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) dengan timbangan TANITA RD-953. Profil lipid serum, meliputi kolesterol total, LDL-C, HDL-C, dan kadar trigliserida, diperiksa untuk mengevaluasi adanya kelainan lipid.
Hasil: Analisis korelasi Spearman menunjukkan korelasi negatif sedang yang signifikan antara persentase lemak tubuh dan kadar HDL (? = ?0,36; p < 0 xss=removed xss=removed> 0,05).
Kesimpulan: Berdasarkan analisis terhadap 58 anak dengan obesitas, penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa hubungan antara pengukuran tubuh dan dislipidemia pada anak obesitas sangat bergantung pada spesifisitas metode pengukuran yang digunakan. Parameter komposisi tubuh, khususnya persentase lemak tubuh dan massa otot, tampak memiliki hubungan yang lebih kuat dengan kelainan lipid dibandingkan dengan pengukuran konvensional seperti IMT. Namun, karena ukuran sampel relatif kecil, penelitian ini berpotensi underpowered sehingga hasilnya perlu diinterpretasikan secara hati-hati; studi ini bersifat pendahuluan dan memerlukan konfirmasi melalui penelitian dengan sampel yang lebih besar.
Introduction: The rising prevalence of childhood obesity is associated with dyslipidemia, a known precursor of adult cardiovascular disease. Although Body Mass Index (BMI) is widely used for screening, it may not fully reflect metabolic risk. This study examines the association between BMI, body composition, and dyslipidemia in obese children to identify more precise predictors for early intervention.
Objective: To analyze the association between the levels of body measurement, including body mass index, body fat percentage, bone mass, muscle mass, and the occurrence of dyslipidemia in obese children.
Methods: This cross-sectional observational study included children aged 4-17 years diagnosed with obesity at the pediatric outpatient clinic and pediatric ward of Dr. Sardjito General Hospital between January and March 2025. Body composition parameters, including body fat percentage, muscle mass, and bone mass, were assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) with the TANITA RD-953 scale. Serum lipid profiles, including total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, and triglyceride levels, were measured to evaluate lipid abnormalities.
Results: Spearman correlation analysis demonstrated a significant moderate negative correlation between body fat percentage and HDL levels (? = ?0.36, p < 0 xss=removed xss=removed> 0.05).
Conclusion: Based on the analysis of 58 children with obesity, this study demonstrates that the association between body measurements and dyslipidemia in obese children is highly dependent on the specificity of the measurement used. Body composition parameters, particularly body fat percentage and muscle mass, appear to show stronger associations with lipid abnormalities than conventional measures such as BMI. However, this study may have been underpowered due to the relatively small sample size. Therefore, the results should be interpreted with caution and cannot be generalized to the broader population. Furthermore, this study should be considered a preliminary study, serving as an initial exploration of the relationship between body composition and lipid profile parameters, and providing a basis for future research with larger and more representative samples.
Kata Kunci : Dyslipidemia, Children, Body Mass Index, Body Fat Percentage, Muscle Mass, Bone Mass