Hubungan Status Mutasi IDH1 pada High Grade Glioma dengan Lokasi Anatomis Tumor

Afifah Riezki Nurfadhilah, dr. Ery Kus Dwianingsih, Ph.D, Sp.PA(K) ; dr. Rusdy Ghazali Malueka, Ph. D., Sp. N., Subsp. N. Onk (K) ; dr. Kusumo Dananjoyo, M.Sc, Sp.N, Subspk.N.Onk.(K)

2026 | Skripsi | PENDIDIKAN DOKTER

Latar Belakang: High grade glioma (HGG) merupakan jenis tumor sistem saraf pusat yang berasal dari sel glia dengan prognosis yang buruk. Meskipun relatif jarang, HGG menyebabkan penurunan kualitas hidup yang signifikan akibat berbagai gejala neurologis dan dampak psikologis yang dirasakan pasien maupun pengasuhnya. Faktor molekuler seperti status IDH1 memegang peran penting dalam proses diagnosis dan penentuan prognosis HGG. Selain faktor molekuler, lokasi anatomis juga merupakan faktor penting dalam perjalanan klinis HGG. Penelitian yang mengeksplorasi hubungan antara status mutasi IDH1 dan lokasi anatomis pada high grade glioma diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi dalam memperkaya data distribusi molekuler dan anatomi HGG di Indonesia.

Tujuan: Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan status mutasi IDH1 pada high grade glioma dengan lokasi anatomis tumor.

Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian cross-sectional menggunakan data sekunder dari rekam medis pasien glioma yang telah terkumpul di RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta dan rumah sakit jejaring pendidikan FK-KMK UGM. Subjek penelitian yang dipilih harus memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Data yang dipilih ditentukan profil molekulernya menggunakan metode IHC, RFLP, atau DNA sequencing. Kemudian data penelitian dianalisis menggunakan IBM SPSS Statistics 31.0 untuk analisis bivariat dan multivariat.

Hasil: Mutasi IDH1 terdeteksi pada 47 (23,6%) pasien. Terdapat korelasi signifikan antara lokasi anatomi di lobus frontal dan status mutasi IDH1 dalam analisis bivariat. Analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa high grade glioma dengan status mutasi IDH1-mutant memiliki peluang 3,923 kali lebih tinggi untuk terletak di lobus frontal dibandingkan IDH1-wildtype, setelah dikontrol usia dan WHO grade.

Kesimpulan: High grade glioma dengan status mutasi IDH1-mutant secara signifikan lebih sering melibatkan lobus frontal dibandingkan dengan IDH1-wildtype.

Background: High grade glioma (HGG) is a type of central nervous system tumor that originates from glial cells and has a poor prognosis. Although relatively rare, HGG causes a significant decline in quality of life due to various neurological symptoms and psychological impacts felt by patients and their caregivers. Molecular factors such as IDH1 mutation status play an important role in the diagnosis and prognosis of HGG. In addition to molecular factors, anatomical location is also an important factor in the clinical course of HGG. Research exploring the relationship between IDH1 mutation status and anatomical location in high-grade glioma is expected to contribute to enriching the molecular and anatomical distribution data of HGG in Indonesia.

Objective: This study was conducted to determine the correlation between IDH1 mutation status in high grade glioma and the anatomical location of the tumor.

Method: This study is a cross-sectional study using secondary data from the medical records of glioma patients collected at Dr. Sardjito General Hospital in Yogyakarta and the FK-KMK UGM educational network hospitals. The selected research subjects must meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The selected data molecular profiles were determined using the IHC, RFLP, or DNA sequencing methods. The research data was then analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 31.0 for bivariate and multivariate analysis.

Result: IDH1 mutations were detected in 47 (23.6%) patients. There was a significant correlation between the anatomical location in the frontal lobe and IDH1 mutation status in the bivariate analysis. Multivariate analysis showed that high grade gliomas with IDH1-mutant status were 3.923 times more likely to be located in the frontal lobe than IDH1-wildtype gliomas, after being controlled by age and WHO grade.

Conclusion: High-grade gliomas with IDH1-mutant status involve the frontal lobe significantly more often compared to IDH1-wildtype gliomas.

Kata Kunci : High Grade glioma, lokasi anatomis, IDH1, profil molekuler