Persepsi Petani terhadap Pengendalian Hama Terpadu (PHT) pada Tanaman Kedelai Hitam di Banyuwangi

Cheva Meiza Husnul Arifin, Dr. Tri Harjaka, S.P,. M.P.

2026 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Hama Tumbuhan

Kedelai hitam merupakan komoditas pangan strategis yang berperan penting sebagai sumber protein dan bahan baku industri pangan. Produksi kedelai hitam di Indonesia masih menghadapi berbagai kendala, terutama serangan organisme pengganggu tanaman (OPT) yang dapat menurunkan hasil produksi. Pengendalian Hama Terpadu (PHT) menjadi pendekatan yang ramah lingkungan dan berkelanjutan, namun tingkat penerapannya di tingkat petani dipengaruhi oleh persepsi petani itu sendiri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh aspek internal serta persepsi petani dari aspek teknis, sosial, dan ekonomi terhadap penerapan pengendalian hama terpadu pada budidaya kedelai hitam di Kecamatan Purwoharjo, Kabupaten Banyuwangi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan teknik pengambilan sampel sensus terhadap 50 petani kedelai hitam. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara terstruktur menggunakan kuesioner, kemudian dianalisis dengan analisis deskriptif dan regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persepsi petani terhadap aspek teknis dan aspek sosial berada pada kategori tinggi, sedangkan persepsi aspek ekonomi berada pada kategori sedang. Secara parsial, aspek sosial berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap penerapan PHT, sementara aspek ekonomi berpengaruh signifikan namun bersifat negatif. Aspek teknis tidak menunjukkan pengaruh signifikan secara parsial. Secara simultan, aspek teknis, sosial, dan ekonomi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap penerapan pengendalian hama terpadu. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa keberhasilan penerapan PHT pada budidaya kedelai hitam sangat dipengaruhi oleh dukungan sosial, peran kelompok tani, dan penyuluhan, serta perlu didukung oleh kebijakan ekonomi yang mendorong keberlanjutan usaha tani.

Black soybean is a strategic food commodity that plays an important role as a source of protein and raw material for the food industry. However, its production in Indonesia is still constrained by pest attacks that can significantly reduce yields. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is an environmentally friendly and sustainable approach, yet its adoption among farmers is strongly influenced by farmers’ perceptions. This study aimed to analyze the influence of internal factors and farmers’ perceptions from technical, social, and economic aspects on the implementation of Integrated Pest Management in black soybean farming in Purwoharjo District, Banyuwangi Regency. This research employed a quantitative method using a census sampling technique involving 50 black soybean farmers. Data were collected through structured interviews using questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression. The results showed that farmers’ perceptions of technical and social aspects were classified as high, while perceptions of economic aspects were moderate. Partially, the social aspect had a positive and significant effect on IPM implementation, while the economic aspect had a significant but negative effect. The technical aspect did not show a significant partial effect. Simultaneously, technical, social, and economic aspects had a significant effect on the implementation of Integrated Pest Management. These findings indicate that the successful implementation of IPM in black soybean farming is strongly influenced by social support, the role of farmer groups, and extension services, and needs to be strengthened by supportive economic policies to ensure sustainable farming.

Kata Kunci : aspek teknis, aspek sosial, aspek ekonomi, kedelai hitam, persepsi petani, pengendalian hama terpadu,