FAKTOR DETERMINAN USIA MENARCHE DAN GANGGUAN MENSTRUASI PADA REMAJA PEREMPUAN DI KOTA YOGYAKARTA
Oktavia Dinayanti, dr. Yogik Onky Silvana Wijaya, Ph.D.; Dr. dr. Sri Lestari Sulistyo Rini, MSc.
2026 | Tesis | MAGISTER KEBIDANAN
Latar Belakang: Usia menarche dan gangguan menstruasi pada remaja
perempuan merupakan indikator penting kesehatan reproduksi yang dipengaruhi
interaksi faktor biologis, perilaku, dan lingkungan. Masa remaja adalah periode
maturasi neuroendokrin sehingga fungsi reproduksi masih dalam proses pematangan
dan rentan terhadap ketidakteraturan siklus. Kota Yogyakarta dilaporkan
memiliki prevalensi menarche dini tertinggi ketiga di Indonesia (7,5%), namun
determinan spesifik pada populasi remaja di wilayah ini belum banyak diteliti
secara komprehensif.
Metode: Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan riwayat usia menarche ibu
serta faktor sosiodemografi dan ekonomi dengan kejadian menarche dini, serta
hubungan usia menarche, status gizi, pola makan, aktivitas fisik, stres
psikososial, dan faktor sosial ekonomi dengan gangguan menstruasi. Studi
cross-sectional dilaksanakan Oktober–November 2025 setelah memperoleh
persetujuan etik. Sampel terdiri dari 120 remaja putri kelas X–XII (usia 15–18
tahun) yang dipilih secara purposive dari SMA/SMK di lima wilayah Kota
Yogyakarta. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner MEDI-Q, FFQ, IPAQ, dan SDQ,
serta pengukuran antropometri. Analisis menggunakan IBM SPSS versi 27.
Hasil: Sebanyak 7,5% responden mengalami menarche dini dan 81,7% melaporkan
gangguan menstruasi. Tidak terdapat hubungan signifikan antara riwayat usia
menarche ibu, faktor sosiodemografi, maupun ekonomi dengan menarche dini
(p>0,05). Tidak ada variabel yang berhubungan signifikan dengan gangguan
menstruasi, meskipun usia menarche menunjukkan kecenderungan risiko (OR=4,13;
p=0,06). Mayoritas responden memiliki paparan makanan ultra-proses sangat
tinggi (99,2%).
Diskusi: Gangguan menstruasi kemungkinan lebih dipengaruhi ketidakstabilan
hormonal remaja. Edukasi gizi, aktivitas fisik, kesehatan mental, dan deteksi
dini tetap diperlukan di sekolah.
Kata kunci: menarche dini, gangguan menstruasi, stres psikososial,
status gizi, pola makan.
Background: Age at menarche and menstrual disorders among
adolescent girls are important indicators of reproductive health influenced by
interactions among biological, behavioral, and environmental factors.
Adolescence is a period of neuroendocrine maturation during which reproductive
function is still developing and vulnerable to cycle irregularities. Yogyakarta
City has been reported to have the third-highest prevalence of early menarche
in Indonesia (7.5%); however, specific determinants among adolescents in this region
have not been comprehensively investigated.
Methods: This study aimed to analyze the association between maternal age at
menarche and sociodemographic and economic factors with early menarche, as well
as the relationship between age at menarche, nutritional status, dietary
patterns, physical activity, psychosocial stress, and socioeconomic factors
with menstrual disorders. A cross-sectional study was conducted from October to
November 2025 after ethical approval was obtained. The sample consisted of 120
female students in grades X–XII (aged 15–18 years) selected purposively from
senior high schools and vocational schools across five districts of Yogyakarta
City. Data were collected using structured questionnaires (MEDI-Q, FFQ, IPAQ,
and SDQ) and anthropometric measurements. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS
version 27.
Results: A total of 7.5% of respondents experienced early menarche, and 81.7%
reported menstrual disorders. No significant associations were found between
maternal age at menarche, sociodemographic, or economic factors and early
menarche (p>0.05). Similarly, no variables were significantly associated
with menstrual disorders, although age at menarche showed a tendency toward
increased risk (OR=4.13; p=0.06). Most respondents had very high exposure to
ultra-processed foods (99.2%).
Discussion: Menstrual disorders in adolescents may be more
strongly influenced by hormonal instability during maturation. Nevertheless,
nutrition education, physical activity promotion, mental health support, and
early detection in schools remain essential.
Keywords: early menarche, menstrual disorders, psychosocial
stress, nutritional status, dietary patterns.
Kata Kunci : menarche dini, gangguan menstruasi, stres psikososial, status gizi, pola makan.
