Efek pemberian Panax Ginseng terhadap kadar malondialdehyde (MDA) dan Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) darah pada latihan fisik Aerobik intensitas sedang

AMBARDINI, Rachmah Laksmi, Dr.Med.dr. Indwiani Astuti

2005 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kedokteran Dasar dan Biomedis

Latihan fisik intensitas berat dan sedang dapat meningkatkan konsumsi oksigen yang berakibat meningkatnya produksi radikal bebas. Peningkatan radikal bebas ini dapat melebihi kapasitas sistem pertahanan antioksidan tubuh dan menimbulkan stres oksidatif. Ginseng sudah banyak dipakai untuk tujuan me-ningkatkan stamina tubuh. Ada dugaan ginseng mempunyai efek melindungi tubuh dari stres oksidatif akibat latihan fisik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji efek pemberian ekstrak P.ginseng C.A.Meyer G115 terhadap kadar MDA dan SOD darah pada latihan fisik aerobik intensitas sedang. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan pretest-post test control group design, melibatkan 18 sukarelawan sehat usia dewasa muda, yang secara acak dibagi menjadi kelompok perlakuan ginseng (n = 6), vitamin C (n = 6), atau plasebo (n = 6). Kelompok ginseng mendapat ekstrak Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer G115 yang distandarisasi 200 mg per hari, kelompok vitamin C mendapat kapsul vitamin C 250 mg per hari, dan kelompok plasebo mendapat kapsul plasebo berisi sacharum lactis selama 11 minggu. Subjek ketiga kelompok menjalani latihan fisik aerobik intensitas sedang, tiga kali seminggu, selama 11 minggu. Sebelum dan sesudah latihan subjek diambil sampel darah (MDA dan SOD). Tujuh belas subjek mengikuti penelitian sampai selesai. Satu orang subjek mengundurkan diri karena sakit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan bermakna nilai sesudah perlakuan antara kelompok ginseng, vitamin C, atau plasebo untuk variabel MDA dan SOD. Adapun hasil tambahan dari penelitian ini, ginseng mempunyai efek yang tidak berbeda dengan plasebo dalam parameter kemampuan fisik (VO2max., denyut jantung, dan Hb) dengan p>0,05. Pemberian ekstrak standar P. ginseng C.A.Meyer G115 200 mg per hari selama11 minggu tidak menurunkan kadar MDA dan tidak menaikkan kadar SOD darah pada latihan fisik aerobik intensitas sedang.

Strenuous and moderate intensity physical exercises may enhance oxygen uptake, leading to increase metabolism, which in turn may increase the production of free radical molecules. The rise of free radical molecules concentration which exceed the protective capacity of antioxidant defense systems may induces an oxidative stress. Ginseng is regarded as a natural ergogenic aid and has been known as supplement to improve physical performance. Ginseng has been assumed to protect against exercise-induced oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of P. ginseng C.A. Meyer G115 supplementation on the level of blood MDA and SOD during moderate aerobic exercise. A pretest-posttest control group design was used in this experiment involved 18 healthy young adult. Subjects were randomly assigned to ginseng (n = 6) vitamin C (n = 6) or placebo (n = 6) treatment group. Each participant received a standardized extract of P. ginseng C.A. Meyer G115 200 mg per day (ginseng group) or vitamin C 250 mg (vitamin C group) or placebo (placebo group) for 11 weeks. Subjects of the three groups participated in a three-day-per-week moderate intensity aerobic exercise program for eleven weeks. Before and after this eleven weeks program, fasting blood samples were obtained, and MDA and SOD as an index of oxidative stress were studied. Seventeen subject completed the study. One subject dropped-out because of sickness. There were no significant difference in MDA and SOD (p>0,05) between ginseng, vitamin C, and placebo treatment group. The secondary results showed that on exercise performance parameter (VO2max, heart rates, and hemoglobin), no significant difference between ginseng and placebo treatment group (p>0,05). The results of this study indicated that extract P.ginseng C.A. Meyer G115 supplementation 200 mg per day for eleven weeks did not decrease blood MDA level and increase blood SOD level during moderate aerobic exercise.

Kata Kunci : Farmakologi,Panax Ginseng,MDA dan SOD, Panax ginseng, MDA, SOD, exercise