Karakteristik Fisik dan Stabilitas Emulgel Minyak Nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum L.) dan Asam Hialuronat dengan Kombinasi Gelling Agent Karbopol dan HPMC

Ade Zulfa Imania, Dr. apt. Sekar Ayu Pawestri S.Farm.; Prof. Dr. apt. Abdul Karim Zulkarnain, S.E., M.Si.

2026 | Skripsi | FARMASI

Minyak nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum L.) bermanfaat untuk mempertahankan fungsi skin barrier dan meningkatkan elastisitas kulit. Sementara itu, asam hialuronat banyak digunakan dalam produk perawatan kulit untuk meningkatkan kelembapan. Pemilihan gelling agent menjadi faktor penting dalam formulasi emulgel karena memengaruhi karakteristik fisik dan stabilitas sediaan. Karbopol dan HPMC merupakan gelling agent yang sering digunakan karena mampu membentuk sistem gel dengan viskositas dan konsistensi yang sesuai untuk sediaan topikal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh komposisi karbopol dan HPMC terhadap sifat fisik dan stabilitas fisik emulgel minyak nyamplung dan asam hialuronat, serta menentukan komposisi formula optimum. 

Optimasi formula dilakukan menggunakan metode Simplex Lattice Design. Hasil formula optimum dilakukan uji stabilitas fisiknya menggunakan metode cycling test dan evaluasi sifat fisik yang meliputi organoleptik, homogenitas, tipe emulsi, pH, viskositas, diameter sebar, dan daya lekat. Verifikasi formula optimum dianalisis menggunakan One sample t-test, sedangkan data uji stabilitas dianalisis menggunakan Repeated Measures ANOVA.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi karbopol 0,504% serta HPMC 1,496% menghasilkan formula optimum dengan pH 6,16 ± 0,01, viskositas 223,3 ± 3,21 dPa·s, diameter sebar 4,35 ± 0,08 cm, dan daya lekat 5,66 ± 0,10 detik. Formula tersebut menunjukkan stabilitas fisik yang baik setelah cycling test selama tiga siklus. Meskipun terjadi perubahan signifikan pada viskositas dan diameter sebar, nilai yang diperoleh masih dalam rentang yang dipersyaratkan.

Tamanu oil (Calophyllum inophyllum L.) is known for its potential to maintain skin barrier function and improve skin elasticity. Meanwhile, hyaluronic acid is widely used in skincare formulations due to its excellent moisturizing properties. The selection of an appropriate gelling agent is a critical factor in emulgel formulation, as it significantly affects the physical characteristics and stability of the product. Carbopol and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) are commonly used gelling agents because they can form gel systems with suitable viscosity and consistency for topical applications.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of carbopol and HPMC composition on the physical properties and stability of an emulgel containing nyamplung oil and hyaluronic acid, as well as to determine the optimum formulation. Optimization was carried out using the Simplex Lattice Design method. The optimum formula was subjected to physical stability testing using a cycling test, along with evaluation of physical properties including organoleptic characteristics, homogeneity, emulsion type, pH, viscosity, spreadability, and adhesiveness. Verification of the optimum formula was analyzed using a one-sample t-test, while stability test data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA.

The results showed that the combination of carbopol 0,504% and 1.496% HPMC produced the optimum formula, with a pH of 6.16 ± 0.01, viscosity of 223.3 ± 3.21 dPa·s, spreadability of 4.35 ± 0.08 cm, and adhesiveness of 5.66 ± 0.10 seconds. The formulation demonstrated good physical stability after three cycles of the cycling test. Although significant changes were observed in viscosity and spreadability, the values remained within acceptable ranges.

Kata Kunci : Asam hialuronat, Calophyllum inophyllum, emulgel, HPMC, karbopol.