Minat pemanfaatan pelayanan pengobatan di Puskesmas Masat Kecamatan Pino Kabupaten Bengkulu Selatan

SAHARUDIN, dr. Kristiani, SU

2005 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar Belakang: Angka kunjungan pasien yang berobat ke Puskesmas Masat tahun 2002 dan 2003 terendah sekabupaten Bengkulu Selatan, padahal biaya relatif murah dan lokasi mudah dijangkau. Pemanfaatan Puskesmas berkaitan dengan perilaku konsumen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui minat berperilaku pengguna jasa dalam pemanfaatan pelayanan pengobatan di Puskesmas Masat. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik dengan rancangan cross sectional. Populasi adalah masyarakat wilayah Puskesmas Masat yang pernah berobat ke Puskesmas Masat. Data dikumpulkan dengan metode kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Data kuantitatif diperoleh melalui kuesioner dengan sampel 210 responden, menggunakan teknik cluster random sampling. Subjek penelitian anggota keluarga yang sudah dewasa, tahun 2003 ada yang sakit dan berobat jalan di Puskesmas Masat. Data kualitatif diperoleh melalui DKT dan wawancara mendalam kepada tokoh masyarakat dan petugas Puskesmas Masat. Data kuantitatif dianalisis dengan bivariat dan multivariat, data kualitatif dengan content analysis. Hasil Penelitian:Hasil uji bivariat antara faktor predisposisi dengan minat berperilaku pengguna jasa dalam pemanfaatan Puskesmas yang berhubungan (p<0,05) adalah pengeluaran (r=-0,138), keyakinan normatif (r=0,323), motivasi normatif (r=0,409), yang tidak berhubungan (p>0,05) adalah. pekerjaan (r=0,074) pendidikan (r=0,068), keyakinan sikap (r=0,040), dan evaluasi sikap (r=0,039). Antara faktor pendukung dengan minat berperilaku pengguna jasa dalam pemanfaatan Puskesmas yang berhubungan (p<0,05) adalah persepsi tentang biaya (r=-0,146), yang tidak berhubungan (p>0,05) adalah jarak (r=-0,057), kemudahan perjalanan (r=-0,034), fasilitas perjalanan(r=0,090), persepsi tentang mutu pelayanan (r=0,125), dan perilaku aktual (r=-0,003). Antara faktor kebutuhan dengan minat berperilaku pengguna jasa dalam pemanfaatan Puskesmas yang berhubungan (p<0,05) adalah kemauan membayar (r=0,159), keadaan penyakit (r=-0,213) dan yang tidak berhubungan (p>0,05) adalah kemampuan membayar (r=0,031), Hasil uji multivariat regresi linier, menunjukkan bahwa faktor yang signifikan mempengaruhi minat berperilaku dalam pemanfaatan pelayanan pengobatan di Puskesmas Masat sebesar 26,1 %. Kesimpulan: Hasil uji multivariat yang signifikan terhadap minat berperilaku dalam pemanfaatan pelayanan pengobatan di Puskesmas Masat adalah pengeluaran, motivasi normatif, keadaan sakit yang diderita dan persepsi tentang biaya. Secara kualitatif penyebab rendahnya kunjungan pasien ke Puskesmas Masat menurut persepsi informan adalah obat yang kurang dapat menyembuhkan.

Background: The number of patient’s visit who looked for treatment in the primary health care of Masat in the year of 2002 and 2003 was the lowest in the district of South Bengkulu, although the cost was relatively low and the location was accessible. The utilization of primary health care is closely related to consumer’s behavior. This research was aimed to find out the service user behavior of using treatment delivery in the primary health care of Masat. Method: This was an analytic research with cross sectional design. The population was community in the area of Masat primary health care who ever visited to the primary health care. Data was collected with quantitative and qualitative methods. Quantitative data was obtained through questioner with sample of 210 respondents, using cluster random sampling technique. The subject of the research was family member who were adult, in the year of 2003 there was some people who were sick and experienced out patient treatment in the primary health care of Masat. Qualitative data was obtained through FGD and in-depth interview toward public figure and officer in Masat primary health care. Quantitative data was analyzed with bivariate and multivariate, and qualitative data was obtained with content analysis. Result: The result of bivariate test between predisposing factors and behavior of primary health care utilization that was significantly related (p<0,05) was expenditure (r=-0,138), normative believe (r=0,323), normative motivation (r=0,409), factors that was not related (p>0,05) was job (r=0,074), education (r=0,048), attitude believe (r=0,040) and attitude evaluation (r=0,039). Relationships between behavior of primary health care utilization and supporting factors that was significantly related (p<0,05) were distance (r=-0,052), travel accessibility (r=-0,034), travel facility (r=0,126), perception regarding service quality (r=0,125), and actual behavior (r=-0,003). Relationships between need factor with behavior of service user in the utilization of primary health care that was significantly related (p<0,05) were willingness to pay (r=0,030), disease condition (r=0,213) and that was not related (p>0,05) was ability to pay (r=0,031). The result of linear regression multivariate test showed that factor that significantly influenced the interest in using the treatment delivery in the primary health care of Masat was 26,1%. Conclusion: Result of test of multivariat which isn’t it to behavioral enthusiasm of me in exploiting of service of medication in primary health care of Masat is expenditure, normative motivation, situation of suffered pain and perception concerning expense. Qualitative low cause of patient visit him to primary health care of Masat according to perception of informant is less drug can isn’t it.

Kata Kunci : Perilaku Sehat, Minat Masyarakat, Pengobatan Puskesmas