PENGETAHUAN TENAGA KESEHATAN GIGI TENTANG DETEKSI DINI DAN PENCEGAHAN KANKER MULUT : A SCOPING REVIEW
Khoirunnisa Ilham, drg. Lisdrianto Hanindriyo, MPH., Ph.D. ; drg. Elastria Widita, M.Sc., Ph.D.
2026 | Tesis | S2 Kedokteran Gigi
Latar Belakang : Deteksi dini dan pencegahan kanker mulut oleh
tenaga kesehatan gigi dapat menurunkan angka morbiditas dan mortalitas, serta
beban biaya pengobatan kanker mulut akibat keganasan dalam rongga mulut. Review
ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran mengenai tingkat pengetahuan
tenaga kesehatan gigi tentang deteksi dini dan pencegahan kanker mulut.
Metode : Scoping review ini dilakukan sesuai dengan panduan Joanna Briggs
Institute (JBI) dan dilaporkan mengikuti PRISMA-ScR. Pencarian sistematis
pada basis data elektronik PubMed dan Scopus mengidentifikasi sebanyak 178
artikel, kemudian dilakukan proses seleksi berjenjang yaitu penghapusan
duplikat, skrining judul/abstrak, telaah naskah lengkap, dan uji kelayakan
naskah lengkap. Proses seleksi artikel disajikan dalam diagram alur PRISMA-ScR.
Sebanyak 15 artikel memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan dianalisis.
Hasil : Tenaga kesehatan gigi secara
umum menunjukkan tingkat pengetahuan yang cukup baik mengenai faktor risiko
utama kanker mulut. Namun demikian, pengetahuan terkait faktor risiko pendukung,
tanda dan gejala dini, kelainan yang berpotensi menjadi ganas, lokasi anatomis
yang paling sering terdampak, serta prosedur diagnostik masih tergolong rendah
dan terdistribusi secara tidak merata. Kesenjangan pengetahuan ditemukan di
berbagai negara, sektor praktik, dan kelompok profesi, serta berkaitan dengan
usia, pengalaman kerja, dan partisipasi dalam pendidikan berkelanjutan.
Kesimpulan : Pengetahuan cukup baik dalam pemahaman dasar
mengenai kanker mulut. Kesenjangan terdapat pada aspek deteksi dini, faktor
risiko pendukung, lokasi utama kanker mulut dan diagnostik masih terbatas,
sehingga diperlukan penguatan pendidikan dan pelatihan berkelanjutan bagi
tenaga kesehatan gigi untuk meningkatkan peran mereka dalam deteksi dini dan
pencegahan kanker mulut.
Background: Early detection
and prevention of oral cancer by the oral health workforce can reduce
morbidity, mortality, and the economic burden of oral malignancies. This review
aimed to summarize the level of knowledge among the oral health workforce
regarding the early detection and prevention of oral cancer. Methods: This scoping
review following the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology and reported in
accordance with PRISMA-ScR guidelines. A systematic search of PubMed and Scopus
identified 178 records. After duplicate removal, title and abstract screening,
full-text review, and eligibility assessment, 15 articles met the inclusion
criteria and were included in the analysis. The selection process was
illustrated using a PRISMA-ScR flow diagram. Results: The oral health
workforce generally demonstrated sufficiently good knowledge of the main risk
factors for oral cancer. However, knowledge of additional risk factors, early
signs and symptoms, potentially malignant disorders, common anatomical sites,
and diagnostic procedures was low and unevenly distributed. Knowledge gaps were
observed across countries, practice sectors, and professional groups and were
associated with age, work experience, and continuing education. Conclusion: The level of
knowledge regarding the basic understanding of oral cancer is sufficiently
good. Substantial gaps persist in early detection, additional risk factors, and
diagnostic-related knowledge. Strengthening continuing education and training
programs is essential to enhance the role of the oral health workforce in the
early detection and prevention of oral cancer.
Kata Kunci : Oral cancer, early detection, prevention, knowledge, oral health workforce, scoping review
