Kontribusi dan Tantangan Kerjasama IMT-GT Dalam Meningkatkan Performa Ekonomi Sub Regional Indonesia-Malaysia-Thailand

Nani Septianie, Dr. Dedy Permadi

2025 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Hubungan Internasional

Tesis ini menganalisis kontribusi dan tantangan kerja sama subregional Indonesia-Malaysia-Thailand Growth Triangle (IMT-GT) terhadap pembangunan ekonomi kawasan perbatasan pada periode 2014-2024. Penelitian berfokus pada rasionalitas politik, efektivitas kelembagaan, dan koordinasi multi-level antara aktor nasional, daerah, dan non-negara. Secara teoritik menggunakan kerangka The Politics of Internasional Cooperation dan Rational Choice Theory, termasuk konsep two-level game, asymmetric interdependence, shadow of the future, and win set. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif dengan melakukan wawancara mendalam di kantor CIMT Kuala Lumpur serta analisis dokumen resmi dan literatur akademik. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa Malaysia dan Thailand lebih konsisten dalam kebijakan konektivitas, perdagangan, investasi, dan koridor ekonomi, sedangkan Indonesia terkendala fragmentasi pusat-daerah, birokrasi tinggi, dan win-set domestik sempit. Penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa efektivitas IMT-GT bergantung pada perluasan konsensus domestik, penguatan koordinasi kelembagaan multi-aktor, dan insentif jangka panjang bagi sektor swasta serta pemerintah daerah. 

This thesis analyzes the contributions and challenges of the Indonesia-Malaysia-Thailand Growth Triangle (IMT-GT) subregional cooperation to the economic development of border areas in the 2014–2024 period. The research focuses on political rationality, institutional effectiveness, and multi-level coordination between national, regional, and non-state actors. Theoretically, it uses the framework of The Politics of International Cooperation and Rational Choice Theory, including the concepts of two-level game, asymmetric interdependence, shadow of the future, and win-set. The method used is descriptive qualitative with in-depth interviews at CIMT Kuala Lumpur and analysis of official documents and academic literature. The results show that Malaysia and Thailand are more consistent in their policies on connectivity, trade, investment, and economic corridors, while Indonesia is hampered by central-regional fragmentation, high bureaucracy, and narrow domestic win-sets. The study concludes that the effectiveness of the IMT-GT depends on broadening domestic consensus, strengthening multi-actor institutional coordination, and long-term incentives for the private sector and regional governments.

Kata Kunci : Indonesia-Malaysia-Thailand Growth Triangle (IMT-GT), politik kerja sama internasional, Rational Choice Theory, integrasi ekonomi subregional, konektivitas kawasan.