THE INFLUENCE OF ECONOMIC FACTORS, SOCIAL PERCEPTION, AND HEALTH SERVICES ON THE DECISION TO PURCHASE BIRTH CONTROL PILLS IN YOGYAKARTA CITY

Salsabila Gandhes Kesumasari, Apt. Hardika Aditama, S. Farm., M.Sc dan Apt. Fathul Muin, M.Pharm

2026 | Skripsi | FARMASI

Penggunaan kontrasepsi oral (pil KB) merupakan salah satu metode utama dalam program Keluarga Berencana untuk mengatur jarak kelahiran serta meningkatkan kesehatan ibu dan anak, namun tingkat penggunaannya masih dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh faktor ekonomi, persepsi sosial, dan pelayanan kesehatan terhadap keputusan pembelian pil KB di Kota Yogyakarta.

Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Responden adalah perempuan berusia 18-45 tahun yang berdomisili di Kota Yogyakarta (n=114), yang dipilih menggunakan teknik convenience sampling. Instrumen penelitian berupa kuesioner terstruktur yang telah diuji validitas dan reliabilitas menggunakan Cronbach's Alpha (?>0.855). Data dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan Binary Logistic Regression

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 85,1% responden memutuskan membeli pil KB. Mayoritas responden adalah perempuan menikah (82,5%), berusia 31-40 tahun (48,2%), berpendidikan sarjana (71,1%), dan berpenghasilan di atas UMR (48,2%). Secara simultan, faktor ekonomi, persepsi sosial, dan pelayanan kesehatan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian pil KB (Omnibus Test: p=0.006, Nagelkerke R²=0.181). Namun, hanya persepsi sosial yang berpengaruh signifikan (p=0.035, OR=5.186), menunjukkan bahwa perempuan dengan persepsi sosial positif 5,2 kali lebih mungkin membeli pil KB. Persepsi sosial merupakan faktor dominan yang memengaruhi keputusan pembelian pil KB, sehingga intervensi program KB harus memprioritaskan strategi perubahan perilaku sosial yang melibatkan pasangan, keluarga, dan masyarakat.

The use of oral contraceptives (birth control pills) is a primary method in Family Planning programs to manage birth spacing and improve maternal and child health; however, its utilization rate is still influenced by various factors. This study aims to analyze the influence of economic factors, social perception, and health services on the purchase decision of birth control pills in Yogyakarta City.

This study employed a quantitative design with a cross-sectional approach. Respondents were women aged 18–45 years residing in Yogyakarta City (n=114), selected through convenience sampling. The research instrument was a structured questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability using Cronbach's Alpha (? > 0.855). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Binary Logistic Regression.

The results showed that 85.1% of respondents decided to purchase birth control pills. The majority of respondents were married women (82.5%), aged 31–40 years (48.2%), held a bachelor's degree (71.1%), and had an income above the regional minimum wage (48.2%). Simultaneously, economic factors, social perception, and health services significantly influenced birth control pill purchase decisions (Omnibus Test: p = 0.006, Nagelkerke R² = 0.181). However, only social perception had a significant influence (p = 0.035, OR = 5.186), indicating that women with positive social perceptions are 5.2 times more likely to purchase birth control pills. Social perception is the dominant factor influencing the decision to purchase birth control pills. Therefore, family planning program interventions should prioritize social behavior change strategies involving partners, families, and the community.

Kata Kunci : Birth control pills, oral contraceptives, family planning, economic factor, social factor, health services factor.