FUNGSI DAN KEDUDUKAN HUKUM PENDAPAT MENGIKAT (BINDING OPINION) LEMBAGA ARBITRASE DALAM HUKUM PEMBUKTIAN PADA PROSES PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA DI ARBITRASE DAN PENGADILAN
Yanuar Fajri Bahreisy, Herliana, S.H., M.Comm.Law., Ph.D.
2026 | Tesis | S2 ILMU HUKUM JAKARTA
Dalam sistem hukum Indonesia, keberadaan binding opinion memperoleh dasar normatif melalui Pasal 52 Undang-Undang Nomor 30 Tahun 1999 tentang Arbitrase dan Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa. Meskipun demikian, pengaturan tersebut belum secara eksplisit mengatur kedudukan binding opinion dalam kerangka hukum pembuktian perdata, khususnya terkait klasifikasi dan kekuatan pembuktiannya ketika digunakan dalam proses penyelesaian sengketa di arbitrase maupun di pengadilan negeri.
Tesis ini meneliti fungsi dan kedudukan hukum binding opinion lembaga arbitrase dalam perspektif hukum pembuktian, baik pada proses arbitrase maupun pemeriksaan perkara di pengadilan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual, melalui analisis terhadap Pasal 52 Undang-Undang Nomor 30 Tahun 1999, prinsip-prinsip arbitrase, asas otonomi para pihak, Iktikad baik, serta doktrin hukum pembuktian perdata. Fokus kajian diarahkan untuk menilai apakah binding opinion dapat dikualifikasikan sebagai alat bukti surat dan apakah memiliki kekuatan pembuktian yang bersifat otentik.
This study examines the legal status of binding opinions from the perspective of evidentiary law, both in arbitral dispute resolution and in court proceedings. Employing a normative juridical research method, the analysis focuses on Law Number 30 of 1999, and doctrines of civil evidence law, particularly the classification of documentary evidence, including authentic deeds and private instruments. The study seeks to determine whether binding opinions may be positioned as documentary evidence with full evidentiary force and to assess the legal implications of such classification in arbitral and judicial processes.
Binding opinions issued by arbitral institutions have developed as a preventive legal mechanism intended to provide legal certainty prior to the emergence of disputes. Within the Indonesian arbitration framework, the issuance of binding opinions is expressly recognized under Article 52 of Law Number 30 of 1999 on Arbitration and Alternative Dispute Resolution, which authorizes arbitral institutions to render binding opinions at the request of the parties. Nevertheless, despite this normative recognition, the legal status of binding opinions within the system of civil evidentiary law remains insufficiently articulated, particularly with regard to their evidentiary value in arbitral proceedings and judicial examination before courts. This condition gives rise to legal uncertainty concerning the binding force and probative value of binding opinions when they are invoked as evidence in dispute resolution.
The findings of this study indicate that the function and legal status of binding opinions in dispute resolution processes, both in arbitration and before district courts, may be recognized as documentary evidence with authentic evidentiary force. However, the absence of explicit statutory regulation—particularly under Law Number 30 of 1999, which does not expressly regulate the evidentiary classification of binding opinion creates legal uncertainty. This study concludes that clearer normative regulation concerning the legal status of binding opinions within arbitration law and civil evidentiary law is necessary to ensure legal certainty and consistency in dispute resolution
Kata Kunci : Binding opinion, Arbitrase, Hukum Pembuktian, Penyelesaian Sengketa