Hubungan kesadaran gizi keluarga dengan studi gizi anak Baduta (Bawah dua tahun) di Kabupaten Purworejo

NURHAYATI, Ida, Prof.dr. Mohammad Hakimi, SpOG.,PhD

2005 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar Belakang : UNICEF mengungkapkan gangguan gizi balita di dunia 26%-34%. Menurut data LPKGM (2000) akhir 1998 prevalensi gangguan gizi di Kabupaten Purworejo sebesar 8,11%, tahun 2003 meningkat menjadi 16%. Baduta termasuk masa kritis anak yang harus diperhatikan kecukupan gizinya. Kesadaran gizi keluarga (KGK) merupakan perilaku keluarga tercermin pada pola konsumsi pangan beraneka ragam dan bergizi seimbang. Ini akan berimplikasi membaiknya status gizi. Namun gangguan gizi anak masih tinggi sehingga fenomena tersebut menarik untuk diteliti. Tujuan : Ikut berpartisipasi menambah referensi kebijakan dalam memperbaiki status gizi anak baduta di Kabupaten Purworejo melalui KGK. Metode : Rancangan penelitian cross-sectional, sampel diambil sebanyak 350 keluarga anak baduta di Kabupaten Purworejo. Data diperoleh dari hasil studi surveilan longitudinal LPKGM tahun 2003 siklus 17, dikumpulkan dengan wawancara berpedoman kuesioner. KGK merupakan total skor dari pemberian makanan beraneka ragam, ASI eksklusif dan komplementer, vitamin A dosis tinggi serta penimbangan anak baduta. Penilaian status gizi berdasar berat badan menurut umur (BB/U) dengan Z-score WHO-NCHS. Penelitian dilakukan bulan Januari-Maret 2003. Data dianalisis secara regresi logistik polikotomus. Hasil : Hasil penelitian menggambarkan KGK tidak berhubungan dengan status gizi, namun jumlah anggota keluarga mempunyai hubungan bermakna dengan status gizi (p<0,05), kecuali gizi lebih. Dibandingkan dengan keluarga berjumlah anggota <5 orang, keluarga berjumlah anggota >7orang berisiko tinggi mempunyai anak dengan status gizi buruk sebesar 20 kali (CI=8,59- 46,71). Keluarga berjumlah anggota 5-7 orang berisiko mempunyai anak dengan status gizi buruk sebesar 10 kali (CI=4,47-21,34). Satu dari lima indikator KGK mempunyai hubungan bermakna dengan status gizi yaitu pemberian makanan beraneka ragam (p=0,005). Proporsi ASI eksklusif 4,9%. Anak umur <6 bulan lebih berisiko mengalami gangguan gizi (p=0,04) dibanding anak umur 6-23 bulan (p=0,43). Intervensi yang perlu dilakukan pemerintah:1) intervensi gizi diintensifkan di dataran tinggi; 2) program KB tetap dilaksanakan; 3) penganekaragaman makanan ; 4) peningkatan promosi ASI. Kesimpulan : Indikator KGK yaitu pemberian makanan beraneka ragam dengan mempertimbangkan jumlah anggota keluarga.

Background: UNICEF found that about 26%-34% children under five in the world are affected by malnutrition. Community Health and Nutrition Research Laboratory (CHNRL) data collection in Purworejo District showed that prevalence of malnutrition increased from 8.11% in the end of 1998 to16% in 2003. Children under two years of age are at risk of malnutrition and should be given appropriate foods. Family Nutrition Awareness is a feeding practise provided by consumption of variety foods and balanced diet. Prevalence of malnutrition among children under two years of age were still high.This phenomenon is interested to be studied. Objectives: The study was aimed at giving policy references for the improvement of nutritional status of children under two years in Purworejo District through Family Nutrition Awareness. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in Purworejo District. In all, nutritional status and coplementary feeding for 350 children under two years of age were included in the analyses. Data were collected between January-March 2003 from the result of longitudinal surveillance study of CHNRL 2003 cycle 17, collected through questionnaire guided interview. Family Nutrition Awareness was the total score of the supply of variety food, exclusive and complementary breast feeding, high dose of vitamin A and child weighing. Measured nutritional status (weigth for age) was created by Z-score based on WHO-NCHS criteria. Data were analyzed using Polychotomous Logistic Regression. Results: The result of the study showed that Family Nutrition Awareness was not related with nutritional status, however the number of family members was significant relationship with nutritional status (P<0.05), except for over nutrition. Compared to family with less than 5 members, those with over seven members were at high risk of having 20 times severe malnutrition (CI=8.59-46.71), 5-7 members were at high risk of having 10 times severe malnutrition (CI=4.47-21.34). Only one of five Family Nutrition Awareness indicators had significant relationship with nutritional status, i.e. consumption of variety foods (P=0.005). Only 4.9% were exclusive breast feeding. Children of less than 6 months old were at risk of having malnutrition (P=0.04) compared to those aging 6-23 months (P=0.43). Intervention should be done by Government : 1) intensiftying Family Nutrition Awareness at highland areas; 2) keeping on the family planning program; 3) emphasizing on variety food; 4) increasing breastfeeding promotion. Conclusion: Indicators of Family Nutrition Awareness, i.e. the consumption of variety foods had significant relationship with nutritional status considering the number of family members.

Kata Kunci : Kesehatan ANak,Gizi Baduta,Kesadaran Gizi, Family Nutrition Awareness, nutritional status, children under two years old, complementary feeding, breastfeeding.