Studi Komparatif Perilaku Keselamatan Pekerja Tetap Dan Kontraktor Di Industri Minyak Dan Gas PT XYZ

SANIA HALWA KAMILA, Bayu Satria Wiratama, M.P.H., Ph.D.

2026 | Tesis | MAGISTER TERAPAN KESELAMATAN DAN KESEHATAN KERJA

Secara global, ILO (2023) mencatat sekitar 2,3 juta kematian akibat kerja setiap tahunnya. Di sektor migas Indonesia, Ditjen Migas ESDM (2017-2023) melaporkan 232 kasus kecelakaan, yang mencakup 150 kecelakaan ringan hingga 28 kasus fatality. Meskipun regulasi telah ditetapkan, hasil observasi menunjukkan masih tingginya unsafe action serta unsafe condition. Kurangnya kesadaran menyebabkan perilaku keselamatan belum terbentuk secara optimal. Penelitian kuantitatif komparatif dengan desain cross-sectional ini membandingkan perilaku keselamatan pekerja tetap dan kontraktor secara numerik. Evaluasi difokuskan pada efektivitas dokumentasi PEKA dalam memetakan potensi bahaya. Melalui analisis regresi logistik biner, penelitian ini membangun model prediksi guna menilai keterkaitan variabel penelitian terhadap peluang terjadinya tindakan atau kondisi tidak aman sebagai indikator utama keluaran keselamatan kerja. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan status pekerja berpengaruh signifikan secara simultan terhadap pengetahuan, sikap, dan tindakan keselamatan (p 0,000). Pekerja kontraktor didominasi pengetahuan rendah (81,0%) dan sikap negatif (92,9%), berbanding terbalik dengan pekerja tetap yang mayoritas berkategori baik. Dokumentasi PEKA terbukti efektif memetakan risiko unsafe condition. Temuan ini mengonfirmasi adanya kesenjangan perilaku keselamatan yang nyata berdasarkan status kepegawaian. PT XYZ disarankan memeratakan pembinaan melalui induksi berkala dan pengawasan intensif bagi kontraktor. Pekerja diharapkan meningkatkan kepatuhan prosedur secara proaktif. Peneliti selanjutnya perlu menggunakan desain longitudinal, meningkatkan reliabilitas instrumen, serta mengkaji faktor organisasi seperti budaya keselamatan dan kepemimpinan untuk memperkuat analisis perilaku keselamatan kerja secara menyeluruh di masa mendatang.

Globally, the ILO (2023) records approximately 2.3 million work-related deaths annually. In Indonesia's oil and gas sector, the Directorate General of Oil and Gas (2017-2023) reported 232 accident cases, ranging from 150 minor accidents to 28 fatalities. Despite established regulations, observations indicate a high prevalence of unsafe actions and unsafe conditions. A lack of awareness has resulted in safety behaviors not being optimally formed. This comparative quantitative study, utilizing a cross-sectional design, numerically compares the safety behaviors of permanent employees and contractors. The evaluation focuses on the effectiveness of PEKA (Safety Observation) documentation in mapping potential hazards. Through binary logistic regression analysis, this research constructs a predictive model to assess the relationship between research variables and the probability of unsafe actions or conditions as primary indicators of occupational safety outcomes. The results show that employment status has a simultaneous significant effect on safety knowledge, attitudes, and actions ($p = 0.000$). Contractors were dominated by low knowledge (81.0%) and negative attitudes (92.9%), in stark contrast to permanent employees, the majority of whom fell into the "good" category. PEKA documentation proved effective in mapping risks of unsafe conditions. These findings confirm a clear safety behavior gap based on employment status. PT XYZ is advised to standardize development through regular induction and intensive supervision for contractors. Employees are expected to proactively increase procedural compliance. Future researchers should consider using longitudinal designs, improving instrument reliability, and examining organizational factors such as safety culture and leadership to strengthen the comprehensive analysis of occupational safety behavior in the future.

Kata Kunci : Perilaku Keselamatan, Pekerja Tetap, Kontraktor, Industri Minyak dan Gas, PEKA, Studi Komparatif