PRAKTEK AGROFORESTRI PADA KOMPOSISI DAN STRUKTUR KEBUN CAMPUR DAN KEBUN KELAPA SAWIT DIDESA PADANG PELAWI DAN DESA KUTIAGUNG BABATAN BENGKULU SELATAN

MUHAMMAD SAHLAN, Dr. Ir. H . Moch. Sambas Sabarnurdin , MSc.; Ir. Soewarno Hasan Bahri, MS.

2003 | Skripsi | S1 KEHUTANAN

Pola permudaan permanen dengan usalia pengkayaan jenis Elaeis guineensis diharapkan dapat meningkatkan produktifitas jenis tanaman yang dibudidayakan. Pengetahuan tentang pola permudaan permanen diperlukan untuk mengetahui struktur, komposisi dan keanekaragaman jenis pada kedua tipe perkebiman Prosedur penelitian dilakukan dengan membuat jalur, di dalam jalur disusun menjadi lima buah petak ukur yang bersarang berukuran 20m x 20m dan di dalamnya di buat petak ukur 10 m x 10m , 5m x 5m dan 2m x 2 m. Masingmasing petak ukur berturut-turut untuk identifikasi tuinbulian pada tingkat semai, sapihan, tiang dan pohon. Pembuatan jalur dilakukan di 16 lahan milik petani dengan arah barat memotong lahan . Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan memberikan kuisioner kepada pemilik perkebunan dengan intensitas 100 %. Analisa vegetasi dengan mencari INP dan keanekaragaman jenis diketahui dengan indek Shannon . Pelaksanaan sistem agroforestri tradisional menggunakan analisis tabulasi silang. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa terdapat perbedaan struktur dan komposisi jenis vegetasi pada kedua tipe perkebunan dengan adanya penurunan kelimpahan kelapa sawit terhadap dominansi jenis pada tingkat semai contohnya: Peronema canescens, sapihan contohnya: Anacardium occidenia/e , tiang contohnya Gmelina arborea dan pohon contohnya: Shorea leprosula. Keanekaragaman jenis kebun campur lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kebun kelapa sawit, karena perbedaan umur tegakan. Manfaat sistem agroforestri tradisional adalah manfaat ekonomi, ekologi dan sosial. Kelemahannya adalah kesadaran petani terhadap kelestarian hasil relatif rendah. Perbaikannya adalali peningkatan pengetahuan petani tentang usaha tani di bidang pertanian.

The permanent generation pattern using enrichment of Elaeis guineensis species, it can be expected to increase the productivity of plant which is cultivated. The knowledge about permanent generation pattern is needed by knowing structure, composition, and variability of vegetation which construct the community of each type of plantation. Field experiment was done by constructing the rows which was arranged to be five pores field plot was 20m x 20m and inside this plot was constructed some plots having the measures of 10m x 10m; 5m x 5 m; and 2m x 2m. These plots were used for identification of trees at the levels of seeding, sapung, poles, and tree, respectively. The rows were made at 16 farmers land with the arrow of 270 degree or to the west cutting the land. The research was also done by using questionnaire given to the owners of plantation having the intensity of 100%. Vegetation analysis was done by knowing the important values index and species variabiliy that can be found using Shannon index . The application of traditional agroforestry system using cross tabulation analysis. The results indicated that there were different structure and composition of kind of vegetation constructing the community at two types of plantations by availability of changing species, mainly Elaeis guineensis to dominance of vegetation at the levels of seedling example Peronema canescens, Sapling example Anacardium occidentale, Poles example Gmelina arborea and tree example Shorea leprosula. The variability of kind vegetation that construct the community of mixed garden higher than that of constructing the community of people palm oil plantation, because there were difference of tree’s age. The beneficial of traditional agroforestry system are in terms of economy, ecology, social, and politic. The weakness are the awareness of fanners in terms of yield sustainability are very low. The efforts for solving the problems are done by increasing the knowledge of fanners about how to cultivate in the field of agriculture.

Kata Kunci : Komposisi, Struktur dan Keanekaragaman Jenis