Faktor risiko Japanese Encephalitas di RS. Sanglah Denpasar

PARAMARTA, I Gede E, dr. Sunartini, Ph.D.,Sp.AK

2005 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kedokteran Klinis

Infeksi virus yang penularan disebabkan oleh nyamuk, merupakan penyebab encefalitis yang terbanyak di Asia. Sekitar 35.000 kasus Japanese encephalitis dilaporkan dari negara Republik Rakyat Cina, Korea Jepang, Asia tenggara, India dan sebagian Asia. Virus Japanese encephalitis berhubungan dengan virus St. Louis ensefalitis dan Murray valley ensefalitis serta West Nile virus. Infeksinya meningkat pada kejadian ensefalitis 1 dari 20 sampai 1.000 kasus. Periode inkubasi (periode kontak dengan virus sampai gejala klinik muncul) biasanya terjadi 5 – 15 hari. Infeksi ringan terjadi tanpa menunjukkan gejala biasanya demam dengan sakit kepala. Infeksi yang lebih berat ditandai dengan onset yang cepat, sakit kepala, demam tinggi, kaku kuduk, stupor, disorientasi, koma, tremor, kejang (terutama pada bayi) dan spastik paralisis. Japanese encephalitis biasanya berat, yang dapat menyebabkan kejadian fatal pada 25% kasus dan menyebabkan masalah neuropsikiatri pada sekitar 30% kasus. This research will assess relationship between risk factor such as pig, ricefield, mosqouito insectant to Japanese encephalitis. This research will use observational method, case control study, which will be held by consecutive sampling. Statistical analysis will be done by logistic regression using SPSS software. Penelitian ini akan mencari hubungan antara faktir risiko seperti babi, sawah, obat nyamuk, dengan kejadian Japanese encephalitis. Penelitian ini menggunakan metoda observasional, studi kasus kontrol, dan akan menggunakan konsekutive sampling untuk menentukan sample.

A mosquito-borne viral infection, the leading cause of viral encephalitis in Asia. About 35,000 cases of Japanese encephalitis are reported annually from the People's Republic of China, Korea, Japan, Southeast Asia, the Indian subcontinent, and parts of Oceania. The Japanese encephalitis virus is related to the viruses of St. Louis encephalitis and Murray Valley encephalitis and to the West Nile virus. Infection leads to overt encephalitis in only 1 of 20 to 1,000 cases. The incubation period (the time from contract with the virus to when symptoms surface) is usually 5 to 15 days. Mild infections occur without apparent symptoms other than fever with headache. More severe infection is marked by quick onset, headache, high fever, neck stiffness, stupor, disorientation, coma, tremors, occasional convulsions (especially in infants) and spastic (but rarely flaccid) paralysis. Japanese encephalitis usually is severe, resulting in a fatal outcome in 25% of cases and residual neuropsychiatric problems in a further 30% of cases. This research will assess relationship between risk factor such as pig, ricefield, mosqouito insectant to Japanese encephalitis. This research will use observational method, case control study, which will be held by consecutive sampling using matching for age and sex. Statistical analysis will be done by logistic regression using SPSS software.

Kata Kunci : Japanese encephalitis, faktor risiko, case control, risk factor, case control