GOVERNANCE NETWORK DALAM KEBIJAKAN PENANGANAN LIMBAH INDUSTRI BATIK (STUDI TENTANG PROGRAM PENGENDALIAN PENCEMARAN DAN KERUSAKAN LINGKUNGAN HIDUP)

Afiyanti, Dr. Ambar Widaningrum, M.A.

2026 | Tesis | S2 Administrasi Publik

Penelitian ini menganalisis governance network dalam kebijakan pengelolaan limbah cair industri batik di Kota Pekalongan. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi lapangan, serta analisis dokumen kebijakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jaringan tata kelola telah terbentuk dan melibatkan berbagai aktor, yaitu pemerintah daerah (DLH, Bapperida, DPMPTSP, Satpol PP, Dinas Perindustrian, dan Dinas Kesehatan), pelaku industri batik, pengelola IPAL, warga terdampak, akademisi, dan organisasi non-pemerintah. Namun, jaringan tersebut bekerja dalam struktur yang timpang dan didominasi oleh aktor negara.

Secara positif, governance network ini menghasilkan sejumlah output kebijakan, antara lain integrasi isu pengelolaan limbah dalam dokumen perencanaan daerah (RPJMD dan Renstra), pembangunan IPAL komunal, serta penyediaan layanan air bersih melalui program Pamsimas di wilayah hilir. Akan tetapi, capaian tersebut belum bertransformasi menjadi outcome lingkungan yang signifikan. Mayoritas pelaku batik skala kecil masih membuang limbah ke saluran umum, sebagian IPAL tidak beroperasi optimal, dan kualitas badan air sungai tetap tercemar.

Analisis relasi aktor dan distribusi kekuasaan menunjukkan dominasi aktor pemerintah, posisi periferal pelaku kecil dan warga terdampak, lemahnya penegakan sanksi, serta status quo yang masih dipertahankan oleh mayoritas industri batik. Kondisi ini menyebabkan mekanisme koordinasi cenderung compliance?based bagi sebagian industri skala menengah?besar yang terdaftar dan diawasi, sementara ribuan pelaku kecil yang berada di luar perizinan dan pengawasan mempertahankan pola pembuangan limbah ke saluran umum. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa keberadaan governance network merupakan syarat perlu tetapi belum cukup untuk mengurangi pencemaran limbah cair batik secara berkelanjutan, sehingga diperlukan penguatan koordinasi lintas aktor, penataan ulang insentif dan penegakan, serta strategi khusus bagi pelaku kecil dan warga terdampak.

 

Kata kunci: governance network, limbah cair batik, kebijakan lingkungan, Kota Pekalongan.

This study analyzes governance networks in the policy of batik industry wastewater management in Pekalongan City. It employs a qualitative approach with a case study design, utilizing in-depth interviews, field observations, and policy document analysis. The findings indicate that a governance network has been established involving multiple actors, including local government agencies (the Environmental Agency, Regional Development Planning Agency, Investment and One-Stop Integrated Services Agency, Civil Service Police Unit, Industry Office, and Health Office), batik industry actors, communal wastewater treatment plant (IPAL) operators, affected communities, academics, and non-governmental organizations. However, the network operates within an unequal structure and remains predominantly dominated by state actors.

From a positive perspective, this governance network has generated several policy outputs, such as the integration of wastewater management issues into regional planning documents (RPJMD and sectoral strategic plans), the construction of communal wastewater treatment facilities, and the provision of clean water services through the Pamsimas program in downstream areas. Nevertheless, these outputs have not yet translated into significant environmental outcomes. Most small-scale batik producers continue to discharge untreated wastewater into public drainage systems, several IPAL facilities operate sub-optimally, and river water quality remains polluted.

The analysis of actor relations and power distribution reveals the dominance of government actors, the peripheral positioning of small-scale producers and affected communities, weak enforcement of sanctions, and the persistence of a status quo maintained by the majority of batik industries. This condition results in coordination mechanisms that are largely compliance-based for registered and monitored medium- to large-scale industries, while thousands of small-scale producers operating outside formal licensing and oversight continue to dispose of wastewater into public channels. These findings underscore that the existence of a governance network constitutes a necessary but insufficient condition for achieving sustainable reduction of batik wastewater pollution. Strengthened cross-actor coordination, the reconfiguration of incentives and enforcement mechanisms, and targeted strategies for small-scale producers and affected communities are therefore required.

Keywords: governance network, batik wastewater, environmental policy, Pekalongan City

Kata Kunci : governance network, batik wastewater, environmental policy, Pekalongan City