IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN AFFIRMATIVE ACTION DALAM REKRUTMEN DAN PENCALONAN PEREMPUAN DI PARTAI GOLKAR PADA PEMILU LEGISLATIF KABUPATEN PINRANG

Nurul Izza Bastama, Hakimul Ikhwan, S.Sos., M.A., Ph.D. ; Prof. Drs. Muhadjir Muhammad Darwin, MPA., Ph.D.

2025 | Tesis | S2 Mag.Studi Kebijakan

Penelitian ini mengkaji implementasi kebijakan affirmative action di Partai Golkar Kabupaten Pinrang dengan menitikberatkan pada mekanisme rekrutmen dan pencalonan serta dukungan partai dalam mendorong keterpilihan perempuan. Latar belakang penelitian didasarkan pada rendahnya keterwakilan perempuan di DPRD Pinrang yang pada Pemilu 2024 hanya mencapai 10%, jauh di bawah ambang critical mass 30%. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis strategi rekrutmen, kaderisasi, dan pencalonan perempuan yang diterapkan Partai Golkar serta menilai sejauh mana kebijakan afirmasi dijalankan secara substantif. 

Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan studi kasus, melalui wawancara mendalam dengan pengurus partai, calon legislatif perempuan, serta analisis dokumen partai dan data KPU. Analisis dilakukan dengan konsep tipologi partai dalam hal ini model partai kader oleh Maurice Duverger, tipologi rekrutmen politik yang dikembangkan oleh Barbara Geddes serta teori aksi afirmatif yang dikemukakan oleh Susan D. Clayton dan Faye J. Crosby. 

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun banyak partai di Pinrang hanya memenuhi kuota 30% secara administratif, Partai Golkar menunjukkan komitmen lebih substantif melalui penguatan KPPG, pelatihan kader perempuan, dan aturan masa keanggotaan minimal sebelum pencalonan. Strategi ini memperbaiki kualitas kader perempuan dan menekan praktik nepotisme, serta terbukti dengan terpilihnya caleg perempuan dalam dua periode berturut-turut dengan perolehan suara tertinggi dibanding partai lain. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa implementasi affirmative action di Golkar tidak sekadar formalitas, melainkan didukung mekanisme kaderisasi dan struktur partai yang lebih kuat. Namun, hambatan seperti budaya patriarki, lemahnya jaringan politik perempuan, dan patronase tetap membatasi keterpilihan secara lebih luas. Temuan ini menegaskan pentingnya reformasi rekrutmen partai agar afirmasi perempuan benar-benar meningkatkan kualitas representasi politik di tingkat lokal.

This study examines the implementation of affirmative action policies in the Golkar Party in Pinrang Regency, focusing on recruitment and nomination mechanisms and party support in promoting women's electability. The background of the study is based on the low representation of women in the Pinrang Regional Representative Council, which in the 2024 elections only reached 10%, far below the critical mass threshold of 30%. The purpose of this study is to analyze the recruitment, regeneration, and candidacy strategies for women implemented by the Golkar Party and to assess the extent to which affirmative action policies are being implemented substantively. 

The research method uses a qualitative approach with case studies, through in-depth interviews with party officials, female legislative candidates, and analysis of party documents and KPU data. The analysis was conducted using the concept of party typology, in this case Maurice Duverger's cadre party model, the typology of political recruitment developed by Barbara Geddes, and the theory of affirmative action proposed by Susan D. Clayton and Faye J. Crosby. 

The results of the study show that although many parties in Pinrang only meet the 30% quota administratively, the Golkar Party shows more substantive commitment through strengthening the KPPG, training female cadres, and minimum membership rules before candidacy. This strategy improves the quality of female cadres and suppresses nepotism, as evidenced by the election of female candidates in two consecutive periods with the highest number of votes compared to other parties. This study concludes that the implementation of affirmative action in Golkar is not merely a formality, but is supported by stronger cadre mechanisms and party structures. However, obstacles such as patriarchal culture, weak women's political networks, and patronage continue to limit broader electability. These findings emphasize the importance of party recruitment reform so that women's affirmation truly improves the quality of political representation at the local level.

Kata Kunci : aksi afirmatif, rekrutmen politik, keterwakilan perempuan, Partai Golkar Pinrang