Tata Kelola Pertambangan dalam Perspektif Penataan Ruang Pasca-UUCK: Friksi Implementasi dan Strategi Adaptasi di Kabupaten Magelang

Anang Prabowo Purwoto Putro, Retno Widodo Dwi Pramono, S.T., M.Sc., Ph.D.

2026 | Tesis | S2 Magist.Prnc.Kota & Daerah

Implementasi sistem perizinan terintegrasi (Online Single Submission/OSS) di sektor pertambangan memicu benturan struktural antara Logika Skala pemerintah pusat yang menuntut standarisasi, melawan Logika Komunitas pemerintah daerah yang berorientasi pada keselamatan ruang. Di Kabupaten Magelang, friksi ini memuncak ketika algoritma sistem pusat gagal membaca kompleksitas lapangan di kawasan lereng Merapi yang sarat tumpang tindih kepentingan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji tiga proposisi friksi kebijakan (Makro-Meso-Mikro) serta merumuskan strategi adaptasi birokrasi dalam merespons kebuntuan sistem tersebut. 

Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif studi kasus dengan pendekatan deduktif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi investigatif dan wawancara mendalam. Informan dipilih menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Data dianalisis menggunakan teknik penjodohan pola untuk membandingkan proposisi teoretis dengan realitas empiris.

Hasil penelitian mengungkap kegagalan Pengetahuan Terkodekan (Encoded Knowledge) dalam sistem OSS, terbukti dari anomali 35 IUP jalur Self-Declare yang berakhir "mati suri" akibat ketidaksesuaian lokasi fisik. Merespons kegagalan tersebut, birokrasi lokal mengembangkan strategi pertahanan melalui Mekanisme Kopling Kelembagaan (Institutional Coupling). Melalui inovasi informal Klinik Pra-OSS dan optimalisasi deliberasi Forum Penataan Ruang (FPR), birokrat melakukan Diskresi Analog untuk menambal celah sistem digital. Mekanisme ini terbukti berhasil melahirkan entitas The Survivor, yaitu pelaku usaha yang mampu lolos perizinan secara clean and clear melalui verifikasi manual ketat. 

Disimpulkan bahwa transisi menuju birokrasi digital penuh belum siap menghadapi asimetri karakteristik daerah tanpa intervensi manusia. Penelitian merekomendasikan pelembagaan fitur intervensi manual (Manual Override) dalam sistem OSS, serta transformasi fungsi FPR tak hanya sebagai arena deliberasi di awal namun juga menjadi auditor substantif dini pasca-izin terbit, demi keberlanjutan investasi dan lingkungan.

The implementation of the integrated licensing system (Online Single Submission/OSS) in the mining sector triggers a structural clash between Central Government’s Logic of Scale that demands standardization, against Local Government’s Logic of Community that is oriented to spatial safety. In Magelang Regency, this friction peaks when the central system algorithm fails to read the field complexity in the Mount Merapi slopes, an area full of overlapping interests. This research aims to test three propositions of policy friction (Macro-Meso-Micro) and to formulate bureaucratic adaptation strategies in responding to this system deadlock.

The research uses qualitative case study method with a deductive approach. Data collection was conducterd through investigative observation and in-depth interviews. Informants were selected using purposive sampling technique. Data were analyzed using pattern matching technique to compare theoretical propositions with empirical reality.

The result reveals the failure of Encoded Knowledge in OSS system, proven by the anomaly of 35 IUP from Self-Declare path that ended up “suspended” (mati suri) because of physical location mismatches. Responding to that failure, local bureaucracy developed a defense strategy through the Institutional Coupling Mechanism. Through informal innovation of Pre-OSS Clinic and optimization of Spatial Planning Forum (FPR) deliberation, bureaucrats perform Analogical Discretion to patch the gap of digital system. This mechanism is proven successful to produce “The Survivor”, a business entity that can pass licensing in Clean and Clear status through strict manual verification.

It is concluded that the transition toward full digital bureaucracy is not ready to face regional characteristic asymmetries without human intervention. The research recommends the institutionalization of Manual Override feature into OSS system, and transformation of FPR function not only as deliberation arena in the beginning but also as an Early Substantive Auditor after permit issuance, for the sake of investment and environment sustainability.

Kata Kunci : Pertambangan Batuan, OSS Berbasis Risiko, Mekanisme Kopling Kelembagaan, Diskresi Analog, Kabupaten Magelang.