Analisis Strategi Technology Push dan Culture Pull dalam Masterplan Smart City di Indonesia

Rahma Nur Wahidahtun Asngari, Dr. Bevaola Kusumasari, M.Si.

2025 | Tesis | S2 Administrasi Publik

Pembangunan smart city semakin meningkat setiap tahunnya membuat negara-negara di dunia mulai menerapkannya, salah satunya, yaitu Negara Indonesia. Melalui Kementerian Digital dan Informasi Republik Indonesia terdapat suatu program, yaitu Gerakan Menuju 100 Smart City. Pada tahun 2024 tercatat sudah terdapat 191 Kota/Kabupaten di Indonesia yang bergabung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis arah strategi pembangunan smart city di Indonesia lebih mengarah pada dorongan teknologi atau tarikan budaya dalam masterplan kemudian dianalisis lebih lanjut menggunakan komponen Context of Implementation. Temuan dari penelitian ini, yaitu dari 28 daerah di Indonesia terdapat 17 daerah (60,7%) yang telah mengalami keseimbangan antara dorongan teknologi dan tarikan budaya serta 11 daerah (39,3%) termasuk dalam dorongan teknologi dominan. Ditemukan terdapat perbedaan antara daerah di Pulau Jawa dan luar Pulau Jawa. Daerah di Pulau Jawa sebanyak 13 daerah (81,25%) telah mengalami keseimbangan, sedangkan daerah di luar Pulau Jawa sebanyak 8 daerah (66,7%) cenderung dominan pada dorongan teknologi. Di lihat melalui komponen context of implementation, daerah seimbang didukung dengan tiga dimensi, yaitu power, interest, and strategis of actors involved; institution and regime characteristics; dan compliance and responsivess. Daerah yang cenderung pada dorongan teknologi didukung oleh dimensi power, interest, and strategis of actors involved, sedangkan dimensi institution and regime characteristics; dan compliance and responsivess masih lemah. Temuan ini menjelaskan bahwa pembangunan smart city seharusnya didasarkan pada kondisi lokal dan kesiapan konstektual dari masing-masing daerah.

The development of smart cities has been accelerating globally, with countries increasingly adopting this approach, including Indonesia. Through the Ministry of Digital and Informatics of the Republic of Indonesia, the national initiative “Gerakan Menuju 100 Smart City” has been launched. As of 2024, 191 regencies and cities across Indonesia have joined this program. This studi aim to analyze the strategic direction of smart city development in Indonesia, whether it leans more toward technology push or culture pull as reflected in official smart city masterplans, and further examines these strategies through the lens of Grindle’s Context of Implementation framework. Finding reveal that among the 28 local governments analyzed, 17 (60,7%) demonstrate a balanced integration of technology push and culture pull, while 11 (39,3%) remain predominantly oriented toward technology push. A notable distinction emerges between regions on Jawa Island and those outside Java. 13 out 16 (81,25%) Java-based localities exhibit balanced implementation, whereas 8 out of 12 (66,7%) non-Java localities tend to emphasize technology push. When assessed through the Context of Implementation framework, balanced caes are supported by all three dimensions power, interest, and strategis of actors involved; institution and regime characteristics; compliance and responsivess. In contrast, technology push dominant regions typically exhibit strength only in the first dimension power, interest, and strategis of actors involved, while remaining weak in institution and regime characteristics; compliance and responsivess. These findings underscore that successful smart city development mush be grounded in local conditions and contextyal readliness rather than relying solely on technological investment or one-size-fits all models.

Kata Kunci : Dorongan Teknologi, Smart City, Tarikan Budaya