Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pendapatan usahatani kebun Plasma kelapa sawit pola perusahaan Inti Rakyat Transmigrasi di kecamatan Sanggau Kapuas Kabupaten Daerah Tingkat II Sanggau Kalimantan Barat

Budiman Tampubolon, Prof. Dr. A.J. Suhardjo, M.A.; Dra. Sunarpi Rilanto, M.S.

2000 | Tesis | S2 Geografi

Pola Perusahaan Inti Rakyat yang dikaitkan dengan program Transmigrasi (PIR-TRANS) merupakan salah satu alternatif pola pengembangan perkebunan nasional. Tujuan yang diharapkan melalui PIR Trans antara lain meningkatkan pendapatan petani. Tulisan ini merupakan hasil penelitian tentang faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pendapatan usaha-tani kebun plasma kelapa sawit Pola PIR Trans di Kecamatan Sanggau Kapuas Kabupaten Sanggau Kalimantan Barat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui (a) faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap perbedaan pendapatan usahatani kelapa sawit di dua desa yang aksesibilitasnya berbeda; (b) faktor yang paling berpengaruh terhadap pendapatan usahatani kelapa sawit di dua desa; (c) seberapa besar perbedaan pendapatan usahatani kelapa sawit di dua desa; (d) seberapa besar perbedaan total pendapatan rumahtangga petani antara dua desa; (e) seberapa besar perbedaan total pendapatan rumahtangga petani plasma transmigran dan penduduk lokal di dua desa. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut dipilih dua desa sebagai daerah penelitian yang mewakili desa yang aksesibilitasnya tinggi dan desa aksesibilitasnya rendah. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode survai. Sebagai responden masing-masing desa ditetapkan secara quota sebanyak 100 orang terdiri dari 50 orang peserta transmigran dan 50 orang peserta penduduk lokal, sehingga jumlah sampel seluruhnya sebanyak 200 orang. Teknik pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan cara sampel acak sederhana karena bersifat homogen dalam hal usahatani plasma kelapa sawit. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara dan observasi. Data dalam penelitian ini berupa data primer dan data sekunder. Analisis dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif dan kualitatif melalui tabel frekuensi, tabel silang dan interpretasi data, analisis statistik regresi ganda dan uji-t. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan pendapatan usahatani kelapa sawit antara Desa Nanga Biang yang aksesibilitasnya tinggi dan Desa Belangin yang aksesibilitasnya rendah ternyata dipengaruhi oleh modal, rotasi pemeliharaan, ketepatan pemupukan, pengendalian hama dan penyakit, sistem panen, sarana jalan dan pemenuhan angkutan serta penyuluhan. Curahan tenaga kerja ternyata kurang berpengaruh terhadap pendapatan usahatani kelapa sawit di Desa Nanga Biang, di sisi lain ketepatan pemupukan kurang berpengaruh terhadap pendapatan usahatani di Desa Belangin. Faktor yang paling berpengaruh terhadap pendapatan usahatani kelapa sawit di Desa Nanga Biang adalah ketepatan pemupukan, sarana jalan dan angkutan serta penyuluhan, sedangkan di Desa Belangin adalah rotasi pemeliharaan dan pengendalian hama dan penyakit. Ternyata sangat besar perbedaan pendapatan usahatani kelapa sawit antara Desa Nanga Biang dan Desa Belangin. Total pendapatan rumahtangga petani peserta plasma di Desa Nanga Biang lebih tinggi daripada Desa Belangin. Demikian pula total pendapatan rumahtangga petani transmigran tinggi dibandingkan dengan penduduk lokal di Desa Biang maupun di Desa Belangin.

Pattern of People Core Enterprise which is related with Transmigration Program (PIR-TRANS) is one of national plantation development alternatives. One of the goals PIR-TRANS is to increase farmers' income. This writing made as an output of a research on factors that affect the income of farmers of the oil palm plasma plantation adopting PIR-TRANS pattern at Kecamatan (district) Sanggau Kapuas, Sanggau Regency, West Kalimantan. The aim this research is recognize (a) factors that affect the income different of oil palm farmers in two villages which have different accesibility; (b) factors that greatly affect the income of oil palm farmers in two villages; (c) how big the different of income between oil palm farmers of two villages; (d) how big the different of total income between farmer households of two villages; (e) how big the different of total income between households of plasma transmigrant farmers and local farmers in two villages. To In order to achieve that goal, two villages which represented high and low accesibility villages have been selected as research area. The research used survey method where the quota for respondent of each village was 100 person consisted of 50 transmigrants and 50 local people, there fore total sample was 200 person. Sample Was selected using simple random sample method since the characteristic of oil palm plasma farmers were homogenous. While data were collected by interview and observation. Data in this research consisted of primary and secondary data. They were analized by descriptive and qualitative method through frequensy and cross tables and interpretation, double regression statistical analysis and t test. Observation result shows that the income different between oil palm farmers of Nanga Biang village and Belangin village was affected by capital, rotation of maintenance, proper fertilizing, pesticide and disease control, harvesting system, road access and transportation and training. The provision of workers was not significantly affected the income of oil palm farmers in Nanga Biang village, on the other hand fertilizing was less affected the income of oil palm farmers in Belangin village. Factors that mostly affect the income of oil palm farmers in Nanga Biang village were proper fertilizing, road access, transportation and training. While in Belangin village were rotation of maintenance, pesticide and disease control. Based on those data, the income different between oil palm farmers of two villages, Nanga Biang and Belangin, was big enough. Total household's income of plasma following farmers at Nanga Biang village was bigger than those at Belangin village. Total house-hold's income of transmigrant farmers was also higher compared to local farmers at both Nanga Biang and Belangin villages

Kata Kunci : Pendapatan usahatani,Kebun plasma,Transmigrasi,Perusahaan