Pengaruh industri air minum dalam kemasan terhadap penghidupan masyarakat di desa Wangon kecamatan Polanharjo kabupaten Klaten (Kasus PT Tirta Investama Klaten)

Nur Indah Rahmawati Sholikhah, Prof. Dr. R. Rijanta, M.Sc.

2009 | Skripsi | S1 PEMBANGUNAN WILAYAH

Kehidupan manusia tidak terlepas dari kegiatan ekonomi. Salah satu kegiatan ekonomi yang dilakukan manusia dalam rangka mendapatkan barang atau jasa adalah industri. Keberadaan industri air minum (PT Tirta Investama Klaten) membawa manfaat bagi masyarakat sekitar. Dengan adanya industri, dapat mempengaruhi penghidupan masyarakat Desa Wangen, Kecamatan Polanharjo, Kabupaten Klaten. Penghidupan masyarakat mencakup: aset, aktivitas, dan akses. Tujuan penelitian antara lain: membandingkan kondisi penghidupan masyarakat khususnya karyawan PT Tirta Investama di Desa Wangen sebelum dan setelah ada PT Tirta Investama, menggambarkan pentagon aset masyarakat Desa Wangen sebelum dan setelah ada PT TI, dan menjelaskan kontribusi PT Tirta Investama terhadap Desa Wangen. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif yaitu bertujuan untuk memberikan deskripsi mengenai subjek penelitian berdasarkan data dari variabel yang diperoleh dari kelompok subjek yang diteliti dan tidak dimaksudkan untuk pengujian hipotesis. Alur berpikir yang digunakan adalah. alur berpikir deduktif yakni deskripsi yang rinci dari umum ke khusus berangkat dari teori yang relefan mengenai livelihood, air, dan industri. Keberadaan PT TI memberikan pengaruh terhadap penghidupan masyarakat khsusnya karyawan PT TI dan Desa Wangen pada umumnya. Komponen penghidupan tersebut antara lain: aset (natural, fisik, finansial, manusia dan sosial), aktivitas dan akases. PT TI membuat sumur bor sendiri untuk melakukan aktivitasnya. Sumur bor tersebut berdekatan dengan Mataair Sigedan dan Kapilaler yang berada di Desa Ponggok, Kecamatan Polanharjo, Kabupaten Klaten. Jumlah debit air memang mengalami penurunan, tetapi masyarakat Desa Wangen tidak merasakan kesulitan air dalam penggunaan untuk kebutuhan rumahtangga maupun irigasi pertanian. Berdasarkan penelitian ANDAL, 2005 berkurangnya jumlah debit air tersebut bukan karena PT TI tetapi karena perubahan iklim yang terjadi secara global. Dari hasil kajian dapat disimpulkan bahwa telah terjadi kenaikan aset fisik, finansial dan manusia pada karyawan PT TI di Desa Wangen. Akan tetapi terjadi penurunan aset sosial karyawan PT TI di Desa Wangen. Kontribusi yang diberikan PT TI terhadap Desa Wangen berupa dana kas Desa Wangen dan pembangunan sarana prasarana fisik.

Human life is not liberated from economic activities. One of economic activities, which people have done in order to gaining goods and services, is industry. The existences of drinking water industry (PT Tirta Investama Klaten) were carry benefit out of surrounding societies. By the industry presence, those were influences the society livelihood of Wangen's village, Polanharjo's subdistrict, Klaten's regency. The livelihood is consists of assets, activities, and accesses. The research objectives were about to describe the activity effects of PT Tirta Investama (PT TI) on society livelihood in Wangen's village as well as to compare society livelihoods, in both before and after the drinking water industry of PT TI were established. The method that used in this research were qualitatively descriptive method, that is referred to provide a description about the research objects according to the obtained data from the variables of observed subject groups and is not means to provide a hypothesis testing. The theory framework were deductive model, that is detailed description from general to specific descriptions that were set out from relevant theory about livelihood, water, and industry. The analysis unit is stakeholder. Sampling could be performed in the household's sample selection by purposive sampling method, which is based on the particular objectives and purposes of selected samples. The total samples are 46 respondents. The PT TI presence was provided effects on the society livelihood, particularly on the employees of PT TI and generally on the Wangen's village. The livelihood components consist of Assets (i.c., natural, physical, financial, human, and social), activities, and accesses. The PT TI was built the boreholes by itself in order to perform their activities. The wells were adjacent with sources of Sigedan and Kapilaler that is located at Ponggok's village, Polanharjo's subdistrict, Klaten'regency. The total water debit is, indeed, undergo its declining, but Wangen's village societies have not experienced the water difficulty in its utilizing for household needs as well as agriculture irrigation. The decreasing total water debit, according to the ANDAL (an analysis on environmental impacts) researches by 2005, is not due to PT TI, but owing to the climate changes that was globally occurred. From the investigation results could be concluded that increasing the physical, financial, and human assets for the households of PT TI employees in Wangen's village was occurred. However, there were decreasing the social household assets of PT TI employees in Wangen's village. Generally, the village was experienced an improvement on financial, physical, and human assets. The improving assets have been balanced by the decreasing natural assets. The social assets of Wangen's village have not changed.

Kata Kunci : pengaruh, industri, air, penghidupan,impact, industry, water, livelihood