ESTIMASI JUMLAH NEURON PLEXUS MYENTERICUS COLON TIKUS MODEL DIABETES 5 MINGGU

Irsyad Ma'ruf Prarista, dr. Rina Susilowati Ph. D. ; Dian Eurike Septyaningtrias, S.Ked, M.Sc. Ph.D.

2025 | Skripsi | PENDIDIKAN DOKTER

Latar Belakang Diabetes melitus (DM) adalah penyakit metabolik yang ditandai oleh peningkatan kadar glukosa darah dan resistensi insulin. Diabetes melitus dapat menyebabkan gangguan pada hampir semua fungsi organ, salah satunya systema gastrointestinalis, yang sering dimanifestasikan sebagai konstipasi dan diare. Pemberian streptozotocin (STZ) pada tikus model merupakan metode yang banyak digunakan untuk menginduksi diabetes karena menghasilkan kondisi defisiensi insulin dan hiperglikemia dengan gambaran patofisiologis yang menyerupai diabetes pada manusia. Pada tikus diabetes 8 dan 10 minggu yang diinduksi streptozotocin, dilaporkan telah terjadi penurunan jumlah neuron plexus myentericus. Namun, belum terdapat penelitian yang menilai jumlah neuron plexus myentericus pada tikus diabetes 5 minggu dengan induksi streptozotocin.

Tujuan Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan estimasi jumlah neuron plexus myentericus colon tikus model diabetes 5 minggu dengan induksi streptozotocin-nicotinamide.

Metode Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan rancangan posttest only with control group design. Tikus Sprague Dawley jantan (n = 12) usia 10-12 minggu dengan berat 200-250 g dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok, yaitu kelompok diabetes dan kelompok kontrol. Tikus kelompok diabetes diinduksi dengan 65 mg/kgBB streptozotocin dan 100 mg/kgBB nicotinamide. Tikus diterminasi pada minggu ke-5 setelah diagnosis diabetes ditegakkan. Colon ditimbang dan diukur panjangnya kemudian segmen colon diambil menggunakan metode systematically uniform random sampling sehingga dihasilkan 6-10 irisan. Potongan jaringan dibuat blok parafin dan dipotong dengan mikrotom dengan ketebalan 3 ?m. Metode hitung jumlah neuron plexus myentericus colon tikus dilakukan dengan disektor fisik menggunakan rumus Nv x Vref. Kuantifikasi neuron plexus myentericus colon dilakukan dengan bantuan perangkat lunak Image-J FIJI. Analisis statistik dilakukan menggunakan uji Shapiro Wilk untuk mengetahui distribusi data. Apabila data terdistribusi normal (P > 0,05), perbandingan rerata dilakukan dengan uji parametrik independent t test. Apabila data tidak terdistribusi normal, perbandingan median dilakukan dengan uji non parametrik Mann Whitney. Nilai P < 0>

Hasil Rerata jumlah neuron plexus myentericus colon pada tikus diabetes 5 minggu dengan induksi streptozotocin-nicotinamide lebih sedikit (1,03 x 10⁷ ± 0,46 x 10⁷) dibandingkan kontrol (1,66 x 10⁷ ± 0,47 x 10⁷) (P < 0>

Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by elevated blood glucose levels and insulin resistance. Diabetes mellitus affects nearly all organ systems, including the gastrointestinal system, which is often manifested as constipation and diarrhea. Administration of streptozotocin (STZ) in rodent models is a widely used method to induce diabetes because it induces conditions characterized by insulin deficiency and hyperglycemia with pathophysiological features resembling those in humans. In STZ-induced diabetic rat models at 8 and 10 weeks, a decrease in the number of myenteric plexus neurons has been reported. However, no studies have investigated the number of myenteric plexus neurons in 5-week diabetic rat models induced with streptozotocin.

Objective This study aims to estimate the number of myenteric plexus neurons in the colon of 5-week streptozotocin–nicotinamide induced diabetic rat models.

Methods This was an experimental study using a post-test only with control group design. Male Sprague–Dawley rats (n = 12), aged 10–12 weeks and weighing 200–250 g, were randomly assigned into two groups: a diabetic group and a control group. Rats in the diabetic group were induced with 65 mg/kg BW streptozotocin and 100 mg/kg BW nicotinamide. Animals were sacrificed at week 5 after the diagnosis of diabetes was established. The colon was weighed and measured, and colon segments were collected using a systematically uniform random sampling method, yielding 6–10 sections. Paraffin blocks were prepared and sectioned at a thickness of 3 ?m using a microtome. The number of myenteric plexus neurons in the rat colon was quantified using physical disector stereology with the formula Nv × Vref. Neuron quantification was performed using ImageJ-FIJI software. Statistical analysis was conducted using the Shapiro–Wilk test to assess data distribution. If normally distributed (P > 0.05), mean comparisons were performed using an independent t-test; if not normally distributed, median comparisons were performed using the non-parametric Mann–Whitney test. A P-value < 0>

Results The mean number of myenteric plexus neurons in the colon of 5-week streptozotocin–nicotinamide induced diabetic rat models was lower (1.03 × 10? ± 0.46 × 10?) than in the control group (1.66 × 10? ± 0.47 × 10?) (p < 0>

Kata Kunci : jumlah neuron, colon, streptozotocin-nicotinamide, stereologi, diabetes