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An
accelerator is a device that guides and accelerates a beam of charged particles
from low to high energy. The main components include an accelerating tube, an
accelerating cavity, and a coupling cavity. The fabrication process for these
components requires specialized brazing and bake-out techniques in a vacuum
furnace at approximately 5×10?? mbar. This furnace is crucial and not readily
available domestically, so it must be fulfilled, including through design and
construction.
Based on the
geometry and dimensions of the accelerator's main components, the vacuum
furnace was designed with a 105 cm diameter and a 150 cm length. The design
began with analyses of the vacuum system and heat transfer (calculations and
simulations), and simulation of the heating power supply control concept. The
heat transfer simulation used ANSYS software, and the power supply control
concept used Python software.
The analysis results show the
following: (1) the analysis of the vacuum system using the rotary Sp 20,56 l/s and diffusion Sp
3650 l/s pumps configuration has met the requirements that can
produce a vacuum of 2.54×10?? mbar; (2) the heat transfer analysis shows that the use of 4
layers of shields provides the lowest wall temperature in the range of 112.68
°C to 125.28 °C, far below the maximum operating temperature limit of the Viton
seal, which is 200 °C, has the highest heating power consumption efficiency,
and requires 30 kW of heating power to meet the temperature rise rate of 40
°C/minute; (3) the
simulation of the PID heating power supply control concept shows that the
setpoint of 1000 °C can be achieved in 25 minutes with Cp =
1.5 and Camp = 30 (temperature rise rate ? 40 °C/min) or Camp
= 20 (temperature rise rate ? 33.33 °C/min), for a lower rise rate obtained
with Camp ? 20. This condition is characterized by a furnace
time constant of ?f = 7.5 minutes, with an overshoot
approaching 0 % and a steady-state
error of 0.02–0.05 °C, allowing the heating power to be adjusted according to
the needs of the brazing and bake-out processes.
Thus, the resulting vacuum furnace
design analysis has met the requirements for the brazing and bake-out process
of accelerator components, both in terms of vacuum, heating power efficiency,
and temperature stability. This research provides a technical basis for
realizing a vacuum furnace that can be used in accelerator facilities for the
manufacture and treatment of brazing and bake-out-based accelerator components.
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An
accelerator is a device that guides and accelerates a beam of charged particles
from low to high energy. The main components include an accelerating tube, an
accelerating cavity, and a coupling cavity. The fabrication process for these
components requires specialized brazing and bake-out techniques in a vacuum
furnace at approximately 5×10?? mbar. This furnace is crucial and not readily
available domestically, so it must be fulfilled, including through design and
construction.
Based on the
geometry and dimensions of the accelerator's main components, the vacuum
furnace was designed with a 105 cm diameter and a 150 cm length. The design
began with analyses of the vacuum system and heat transfer (calculations and
simulations), and simulation of the heating power supply control concept. The
heat transfer simulation used ANSYS software, and the power supply control
concept used Python software.
The analysis results show the
following: (1) the analysis of the vacuum system using the rotary Sp 20,56 l/s and diffusion Sp
3650 l/s pumps configuration has met the requirements that can
produce a vacuum of 2.54×10?? mbar; (2) the heat transfer analysis shows that the use of 4
layers of shields provides the lowest wall temperature in the range of 112.68
°C to 125.28 °C, far below the maximum operating temperature limit of the Viton
seal, which is 200 °C, has the highest heating power consumption efficiency,
and requires 30 kW of heating power to meet the temperature rise rate of 40
°C/minute; (3) the
simulation of the PID heating power supply control concept shows that the
setpoint of 1000 °C can be achieved in 25 minutes with Cp =
1.5 and Camp = 30 (temperature rise rate ? 40 °C/min) or Camp
= 20 (temperature rise rate ? 33.33 °C/min), for a lower rise rate obtained
with Camp ? 20. This condition is characterized by a furnace
time constant of ?f = 7.5 minutes, with an overshoot
approaching 0 % and a steady-state
error of 0.02–0.05 °C, allowing the heating power to be adjusted according to
the needs of the brazing and bake-out processes.
Thus, the resulting vacuum furnace
design analysis has met the requirements for the brazing and bake-out process
of accelerator components, both in terms of vacuum, heating power efficiency,
and temperature stability. This research provides a technical basis for
realizing a vacuum furnace that can be used in accelerator facilities for the
manufacture and treatment of brazing and bake-out-based accelerator components.
">
