STRATIFIKASI RISIKO KONSUMSI OBAT WORLD CODE ANTI-DOPING CODE INTERNATIONAL STANDARD PROHIBITED LIST KATEGORI NARKOTIKA
Evan Adhi Satria Jati, Dr. rer. nat. Arko Jatmiko Wicaksono, M.Sc.; Dr. dr. Woro Rukmi Pratiwi, M.Kes., Sp.PD, FINASIM.
2026 | Skripsi | PENDIDIKAN DOKTER
Latar Belakang: Doping masih menjadi persoalan utama yang dapat dihadapi atlet dan dunia olahraga Indonesia. Cedera merupakan hal yang umum terjadi pada atlet dan salah satu obat dalam penanganannya menggunakan kelas narkotika. Maraknya penggunaan obat secara off-label meningkatkan risiko atlet untuk mengonsumsi obat golongan analgesik dan/atau narkotika yang termasuk dalam kategori prohibited list WADA.
Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat stratifikasi risiko konsumsi obat yang mengandung substansi terlarang dalam World Code Anti-Doping Code International Standard Prohibited List kategori narkotika yang secara resmi terdaftar BPOM dan beredar di Indonesia.
Metode: Penelitian menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif. Dalam penelitian ini, analisis terhadap seluruh data obat kelas Narkotika secara resmi terdaftar BPOM yang dilarang WADA melalui World Code Anti-Doping Code International Standard Prohibited List 2024 dilakukan. Populasi penelitian mencakup produk yang terdaftar BPOM pada periode Oktober 2023-Januari 2024 untuk kelas Narkotika. Seluruh data populasi akan dimasukkan ke dalam sistem pemeringkatan berdasarkan J5 scoring system dan Naranjo scoring system. Parameter pemeringkatan berdasarkan aksesibilitas, rute administrasi, sifat farmakokinetika, dan aturan larangan (prohibited) WADA.
Hasil: Buprenorphine, Fentanyl, Hydromorphone, Methadone, Morphine, Oxycodone, Pethidine, Remifentanil, Sufentanil, dan Tramadol adalah produk narkotika dalam prohibited list yang secara resmi beredar di Indonesia. Ditemukan 118 obat kategori narkotika secara resmi terdaftar BPOM. Dalam pemeringkatan ditemukan obat berisiko menengah-rendah yang cukup mudah diperoleh (Tramadol oral dan rectal), menengah-rendah yang sulit diperoleh (seluruh varian Oxycodone, Morphine oral, Fentanyl transdermal, Buprenorphine, Hydromorphone, Pethidine, Methadone), risiko rendah dan cukup mudah diperoleh (Tramadol intravena), dan risiko rendah yang sulit diperoleh (Fentanyl intravena, Remifentanil, Sufentanil, dan Morphine intravena).
Kesimpulan: Buprenorphine, Fentanyl, Hydromorphone, Methadone, Morphine, Oxycodone, Pethidine, Remifentanil, Sufentanil, dan Tramadol merupakan obat-substansi doping yang terdaftar resmi di Indonesia. Terdapat 118 obat resmi yang mengandung substansi doping narkotika. Peringkat risiko obat-obatan narkotika yang secara resmi beredar di Indonesia seluruhnya berisiko menengah-rendah hingga rendah dengan akses cukup mudah hingga sulit untuk diperoleh.
Background: Doping remains a significant issue faced by athletes and the sports community in Indonesia. Injuries are common among athletes, and one of the drug classes used in pain management includes narcotics. The widespread off-label use of medications increases the risk of athletes consuming analgesics and/or narcotics listed in the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) Prohibited List.
Objective: This study aims to stratify the risk of consuming drugs containing prohibited substances listed in the World Anti-Doping Code International Standard Prohibited List under the narcotics category that are officially registered with the Indonesian National Agency of Drug and Food Control (BPOM) and distributed in Indonesia.
Methods: This research utilized a descriptive analysis approach. The study analyzed all narcotic-class drugs officially registered with BPOM and listed as prohibited by WADA in the World Anti-Doping Code International Standard Prohibited List 2024. The study population consisted of narcotic products registered with BPOM between October 2023 and January 2024. All population data were ranked using the modified J5 scoring system and the Naranjo scoring system. The ranking indicators included accessibility, route of administration, pharmacokinetic properties, and WADA's prohibition criteria.
Results: Buprenorphine, Fentanyl, Hydromorphone, Methadone, Morphine, Oxycodone, Pethidine, Remifentanil, Sufentanil, and Tramadol are narcotic drugs listed in the WADA Prohibited List and are officially available in Indonesia. A total of 118 narcotic drugs are officially registered with BPOM. Risk stratification revealed: medium-low risk drugs that are relatively easy to obtain (oral and rectal Tramadol), medium-low risk drugs that are difficult to obtain (all variants of Oxycodone, oral Morphine, transdermal Fentanyl, Buprenorphine, Hydromorphone, Pethidine, Methadone), low-risk drugs that are relatively easy to obtain (intravenous Tramadol), and low-risk drugs that are difficult to obtain (intravenous Fentanyl, Remifentanil, Sufentanil, and Morphine).
Conclusion: Buprenorphine, Fentanyl, Hydromorphone, Methadone, Morphine, Oxycodone, Pethidine, Remifentanil, Sufentanil, and Tramadol are officially registered doping substances in Indonesia. A total of 118 officially registered drugs contains prohibited narcotics. The risk rankings of narcotic drugs officially distributed in Indonesia range from medium-low to low, with varying levels of accessibility from relatively easy to difficult to obtain.
Kata Kunci : Narkotika, Peringkat, Doping, Atlet, Indonesia