Peningkatan Sifat-Sifat Mekanis dan Ketahanan Laju Perambatan Retak Fatik Sambungan Las FSW pada AZ31 Melalui Perlakuan Hybrid Post Weld Thermal-Rolling Tensioning
Andini Eka Rahmani, Prof. Ir. Mochammad Noer Ilman, S.T., M.Sc., Ph.D., IPM
2026 | Tesis | S2 Teknik Mesin
Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is a solid-state welding technique with the potential to be a solution for joining metals with high thermal conductivity, relatively low melting points, a wide solidification temperature range, a strong tendency to oxidize, and low fluid viscosity, such as AZ31 magnesium alloy. However, this process still introduces residual stresses and distortion in AZ31 welded joints. Therefore, the objective of this study was to improve the mechanical properties and fatigue crack propagation resistance of FSW joints of AZ31 magnesium alloy by varying pin geometries and treatments.
The study was conducted using four different pin geometries: cylindrical, square, conical, and triangular. Based on the results of the first phase, the pin geometry with the best mechanical performance was selected for the next phase, a post-weld treatment study that included untreated conditions (as welded), TTT treatment, rolling treatment (PWDR), and a combination of TTT and PWDR (PWTRT). The FSW welding process was carried out at a constant welding speed of 30 mm/min with a rotational speed of 1500 rpm and a 2° inclination angle. Evaluation was conducted through microstructural observations, Vickers microhardness, tensile tests, distortion measurements, and fatigue re-propagation tests.
The results showed that the joint with the best mechanical properties in the pin variation stage was obtained using a square pin geometry. This geometry provides an optimal combination of heat input and material flow, as well as the eccentricity of the pin shape. In the post-weld treatment stage, the PWTRT combination treatment provided the most significant improvement in mechanical properties compared to the other conditions. This is due to the role of TTT in recovery and recrystallization, and the rolling treatment providing additional plastic cooling. The synergy of the two treatments results in increased strength, hardness, and fatigue resistance of the AZ31 FSW joint.
Kata Kunci : Friction Stir Welding (FSW), AZ31, geometri pin, perlakuan pasca-las, TTT, PWDR, PWTRT, kekerasan, kekuatan tarik, perambatan retak fatik