Pengaruh Aplikasi Gel Sargassum sp. 75% Pasca Scaling dan Root Planing terhadap Kadar Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) pada Periodontitis Diabetika

Angela Widjaja, Prof. Dr. drg. Ahmad Syaify, Sp.Perio, Subsp.R.P.I.D.(K), FISID

2026 | Tesis-Spesialis | S2 Periodonsia

Periodontitis diabetika merupakan inflamasi jaringan periodontal yang diperberat oleh kondisi hiperglikemia, yang memicu peningkatan reactive oxygen species (ROS) dan penurunan enzim antioksidan seperti Superoxide Dismutase (SOD). Penggunaan bahan alam seperti Sargassum sp. yang kaya akan fukoidan dan flavonoid diharapkan dapat meningkatkan pertahanan antioksidan lokal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh aplikasi gel Sargassum sp. 75% pasca scaling dan root planing terhadap kadar SOD pada model Rattus norvegicus periodontitis diabetika.

Jenis penelitian ini adalah eksperimental laboratoris dengan rancangan post-test only control group design. Sebanyak 18 ekor tikus jantan berusia 2-3 bulan dengan berat 250-280gram diinduksi periodontitis diabetika dan dilakukan intervensi scaling dan root planing (SRP). Sampel dibagi menjadi dua kelompok: kelompok perlakuan (gel Sargassum sp. 75%) dan kelompok kontrol (gel HPMC 7%), yang diberikan dua kali sehari. Tikus didekapitasi sesuai waktu pengamatan yaitu hari ke-1, 7, dan 14. Pengukuran kadar SOD jaringan gingiva maksila dilakukan menggunakan metode Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Data dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan uji Two-Way ANOVA dan Post-Hoc LSD dengan nilai signifikansi 95%.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat peningkatan kadar SOD yang signifikan pada kelompok gel Sargassum sp. 75% dibandingkan kelompok kontrol HPMC 7% di setiap waktu pengamatan. Kadar SOD tertinggi ditemukan pada hari ke-14 pada kelompok perlakuan, yang menunjukkan adanya percepatan pemulihan status antioksidan dibandingkan penyembuhan alami pada kelompok kontrol. Dari hasil penelitian yang diperoleh, dapat disimpulkan bahwa aplikasi gel Sargassum sp. 75% pasca scaling dan root planing dapat meningkatkan kadar SOD pada model Rattus norvegicus periodontitis diabetika.

Diabetic periodontitis is an inflammation of the periodontal tissues exacerbated by hyperglycemia, which triggers increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a decrease in antioxidant enzymes such as Superoxide Dismutase (SOD). The use of natural ingredients like Sargassum sp., which is rich in fucoidan and flavonoids, is expected to enhance local antioxidant defense. This study aims to evaluate the effect of Sargassum sp. 75% gel aplication after scaling and root planing (SRP) on SOD levels in a Rattus norvegicus diabetic periodontitis model.

This was a laboratory experimental study with a post-test only control group design. A total of 18 male rats, aged 2–3 months and weighing 250–280 grams, were induced with diabetic periodontitis and treated with scaling and root planing (SRP). The samples were divided into two groups: the treatment group (Sargassum sp. 75% gel) and the control group (HPMC 7% gel), administered twice daily. The rats were sacrificed at the observation time points on days 1, 7, and 14. SOD levels in the maxillary gingival tissue were measured using the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method. Data were statistically analyzed using the Two-Way ANOVA and Post-Hoc LSD tests with 95% significance level.

The results showed a significant increase in SOD levels in the Sargassum sp. 75% gel group compared to the HPMC 7% control group at all observation points. The highest SOD level was found on day 14 in the treatment group, indicating an accelerated recovery of antioxidant status compared to natural healing in the control group. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that Sargassum sp. 75% gel application after scaling and root planing can increase SOD levels in a Rattus norvegicus model of diabetic periodontitis.

Kata Kunci : Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Periodontitis diabetika, Sargassum sp., Antioksidan