Analisis Risk and return kredit antar sub sistem agribisnis pada Divisi Agribisnis Bank Rakyat Indonesia

SETYANTO, Adi, Dr.Ir. Slamet Hartono, M.Sc

2005 | Tesis | Magister Manajemen Agribisnis

“ Bagaimana perbandingan kinerja kredit agribisnis antar sub sistem berdasarkan risk and return?”. Tesis ini bertujuan untuk menguji secara empiris kinerja kredit agribisnis setiap sub sistem agribisnis berdasarkan risk and return dan membandingkan antar sub sistem. Penilaian kinerja berdasarkan Risk and Return tersebut dengan tujuan untuk mengukur tingkat kemampuan kredit antar sub system agribisnis dalam menyerap risiko kerugian karena kegagalan kredit dari pendapatan bunga Metodologi penelitian yang digunakan adalah dengan memakai data time series, yang kemudian diolah dengan menggunakan analisis rerata rasio Produktivitas, Rasio PPAP, Return On Risk Adjusted Capital (RORAC) dan analisis trend dengan linear exponential smoothing. Hasil yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini secara umum dapat disimpulkan sebagai berikut : 1. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian terhadap kinerja kredit agribisnis di Divisi Agribisnis sebagai berikut : a. Urutan rangking berdasarkan produktivitas, Sub Sistem Up Stream adalah yang paling produktif, selanjutnya diikuti secara berurutan oleh sub sistem lainnya, yaitu On Farm, Down Stream dan terakhir Supporting Services. b. Urut rangking berdasarkan Risiko, Sub Sistem Supporting Services adalah yang terendah risikonya, selanjutnya diikuti secara berurutan sub sistem Up Stream, Down Stream dan terakhir On Farm. c. Urutan rangking berdasarkan Risk and Return Sub Sistem Supporting Services adalah yang terendah risikonya, selanjutnya diikuti secara berurutan sub sistem Up Stream, Down Stream dan terakhir On Farm. d. Berdasarkan rasio risk and return menghasilkan bahwa seluruh sub sistem berada di atas 100 %, menunjukkan bahwa seluruh sub sistem tersebut mampu menyerap risiko kerugian kegagalan kredit dari pendapatan bunga selama satu tahun. 2. Berdasarkan penilaian terhadap risk and return, tidak terbukti bahwa sub sistem agribisnis yang risikonya lebih tinggi akan memberikan return yang lebih tinggi, dengan kata lain konsep high risk-high return tidak terbukti . 3. Berdasarkan penilaian risk and return terbukti bahwa sub sistem agribisnis dengan risiko yang lebih tinggi akan menghasilkan risk and return yang rendah. 4. Risiko Kredit Agribisnis Sub Sistem On Farm terendah dibanding sub sistem lainnya, namun penggunaan kreditnya paling tidak optimal, terbukti dengan tingkat produktivitas yang paling rendah. 5. Risiko Kredit Agribisnis Sub Sistem On Farm tertinggi dibanding sub sistem lainnya, namun penggunaan kreditnya paling optimal, terbukti dengan tingkat produktivitas yang berada pada posisi kedua, bahkan dari analisis trend menunjukkan bahwa risk and return cenderung meningkat, dibanding dengan sub sistem lainnya yang cenderung menurun. 6. Risk and Return sub sistem on farm paling rendah, namun sub sistem ini merupakan inti dari sektor agribisnis, tanpa sub sistem ini yang lain tidak mungkin bisa berkembang, oleh karena itu pengembangan kredit agribisnis tidak dapat mengabaikan sub sistem on farm.

“What are differences of agribusiness credit performance among subsystems based on Risk and Return analysis?” The study was to empirically evaluate agribusiness credit performance on each agribusiness sub-system based on Risk and Return analysis, and to compare among them. The performance evaluation based on Risk and Return was designed to measure credit capacity of the agribusiness sub-system on dealing with and taking loss risk due to interest income failure from non-performing loan. Time series data was used in the study, and then analyzed by average ratios of Productivity, Credit Provision, Return on Risk Adjusted Capital, and Trend Analysis with linear exponential smoothing. The result of study can be concluded as follows: 1. The study on agribusiness credit performance reveals: a. Rankings on Productivity, the sub-system of Up Stream positioned as the highest, consecutively followed by On Farm, Down Stream and Supporting Services b. Rankings on Risk, the sub-system of Supporting Services positioned as the lowest, consecutively followed by Up Stream, Down Stream, and On the Stream. c. Rankings on Risk and Return, the sub system Supporting Services positioned as the lowest on risk, and consecutively followed by sub-systems of Up Stream, Down Stream, and On Farm as the highest on risk. d. Based on the Risk and Return analysis, the study showed that all sub-system had capacity to take loss risk due to interest income failures during one year, or more than 100%. 2. Based on the risk and return analysis, the study showed that the high risk on agribusiness sub-system insignificantly affected on return. In fact, the high risk-high return concept did not fit to the case. 3. Based on the risk and return analysis, the study showed that the highrisk sub-system significantly resulted the low risk and return. 4. Credit risk of agribusiness on the sub-system On Farm positioned the lowest in all sub-systems. However, its credit utilization indicated the least optimum, since its credit productivity was the lowest. 5. Credit risk of agribusiness on the sub-system On Farm was the highest in all sub-systems. Fortunately, its credit utilization was the most optimum, since its credit productivity positioned as the second rank. Furthermore, the trend analysis showed that its risk and return was likely to increase, while others decreased. 6. Risk and return analysis of sub-system on Farm showed as the least risk and return in all sub-systems. However, the sub-system was the major business entity in agribusiness sector. Only this sub-system could make other sub-systems develop, and this sub-system could not be neglected in any plan of developing agribusiness credit in the bank.

Kata Kunci : Agribisnis,Kredit BRI,Risk dan Return