Kajian Lintas Seksional Resistansi Escherichia coli O157:H7 pada Sapi Potong di Instalasi Karantina Hewan Wilayah Kerja Balai Besar Karantina Hewan, Ikan, dan Tumbuhan DKI Jakarta terhadap Beberapa Antibiotik

Siti Rakhma Afriana, Prof. Dr. drh. Widagdo Sri Nugroho, M.P.; Dr. drh. Widodo Suwito, M.Si.

2026 | Tesis | S2 Sain Veteriner

Escherichia coli O157:H7 (E. coli O157:H7) merupakan agen penyebab foodborne disease pada manusia yang menyebabkan penyakit haemorrhagic colitis (HC), haemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), dan thrombocytopenia purpura (TPP). Sapi berperan sebagai pembawa E. coli O157:H7 tanpa menunjukkan gejala klinis. Kondisi ini membuat E. coli O157:H7 tetap berada di lingkungan dan berpotensi munculnya resistansi terhadap antibiotik. Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) merupakan ancaman global bagi kesehatan masyarakat dan hewan. E. coli O157:H7 yang resistan terhadap antibiotik yang berada di lingkungan, dapat berpotensi menyebar ke hewan dan manusia. Penelitian ini menggunakan kajian lintas seksional dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi E. coli O157:H7, resistansi terhadap antibiotik, gen resistansi dan faktor risiko yang berhubungan pada sapi potong impor asal Australia di Instalasi Karantina Hewan (IKH) Wilayah Kerja Balai Besar DKI Jakarta (BBKHIT DKI Jakarta). Penelitian ini menggunakan 680 sampel terdiri dari 650 spesimen feses sapi, 20 spesimen tanah, 5 spesimen air limbah dan 5 spesimen air minum dari 5 IKH yaitu IKH A di Kab. Cianjur, IKH B di Kab. Sukabumi, IKH C di Kab. Purwakarta, IKH D di Kab. Serang dan IKH E di Kab. Bandung Barat. Isolasi dan identifikasi E. coli secara konvensional. Konfirmasi E. coli O157:H7 dengan Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) terhadap gen rfbO157, fliCH7, stx1 dan stx2. Sensitivitas terhadap antibiotik dilakukan dengan metode Kirby Bauer dan pemeriksaan gen resistan dengan target gen tetA, blaTEM, strA, sul2, dan qnrS dengan PCR. Analisis data secara deskriptif dan bivariat. Total E. coli sebanyak 95,44% (649/680) dan E. coli O157:H7 sebanyak 2,35% (16/680). E. coli O157:H7 yang memiliki shiga toxin yaitu 1,62% (11/680). E. coli O157:H7 resistan terhadap tetrasiklin sebanyak 31,25% (5/16) dan ampisilin sebanyak 6,25% (1/16). E. coli O157:H7 yang sensitif terhadap antibiotik sebanyak 69% (11/16). E. coli O157:H7 memiliki gen tetA 43,75% (7/16), blaTEM 12,5% (2/16), strA 37,5% (6/16), sul2 18,75% (3/16) dan qnrS 18,75% (3/16). Asal ternak merupakan faktor risiko kontaminasi E. coli. Manajemen pemeliharaan di seluruh IKH memiliki keseragaman. IKH C memiliki jumlah E. coli O157:H7 terbanyak dan terdapat resistansi ganda tetrasiklin dan ampisilin. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat E. coli O157:H7 pada sapi potong asal Australia yang patogen dan telah resistan terhadap tetrasiklin dan ampisilin, sehingga perlu kewaspadaan dan penguatan pengendalian karena dapat menimbulkan risiko bagi kesehatan manusia dan hewan.

Escherichia coli O157:H7 (E. coli O157:H7) is a causative agent of foodborne disease in humans that causes hemorrhagic colitis (HC), hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), and thrombocytopenia purpura (TPP). Cattle act as carriers of E. coli O157:H7 without showing clinical symptoms. This condition allows E. coli O157:H7 to remain in the environment and has the potential to develop resistance to antibiotics. Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) is a global threat to public and animal health. E. coli O157:H7 that is resistant to antibiotics in the environment can potentially spread to animals and humans. This study used a cross-sectional study with the aim of determining the prevalence of E. coli O157:H7, antibiotic resistance, resistance genes and associated risk factors in imported beef cattle from Australia at the Animal Quarantine Installation (IKH) of the DKI Jakarta Large Agency (BBKHIT DKI Jakarta). This study used 680 samples consisting of 650 cow feces specimens, 20 soil specimens, 5 wastewater specimens and 5 drinking water specimens from 5 IKH namely IKH A in Cianjur Regency, IKH B in Sukabumi Regency, IKH C in Purwakarta Regency, IKH D in Serang Regency and IKH E in West Bandung Regency. Isolation and identification of E. coli conventionally. Confirmation of E. coli O157:H7 with Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) against rfbO157, fliCH7, stx1 and stx2 genes. Sensitivity to antibiotics was carried out using the Kirby Bauer method and examination of resistance genes targeting the tetA, blaTEM, strA, sul2, and qnrS genes with PCR. Data analysis was descriptive and bivariate. Total E. coli was 95.44% (649/680) and E. coli O157:H7 was 2.35% (16/680). E. coli O157:H7 that has shiga toxin is 1.62% (11/680). E. coli O157:H7 is resistant to tetracycline as much as 31.25% (5/16) and ampicillin as much as 6.25% (1/16). E. coli O157:H7 that is sensitive to antibiotics as much as 69% (11/16). E. coli O157:H7 has tetA gene 43.75% (7/16), blaTEM 12.5% (2/16), strA 37.5% (6/16), sul2 18.75% (3/16) and qnrS 18.75% (3/16). Cattle origin is a risk factor for E. coli contamination. Livestock management across all IKH is consistent. IKH C has the highest number of E. coli O157:H7 and dual resistance to tetracycline and ampicillin. This study indicates that pathogenic E. coli O157:H7 is present in Australian beef cattle and is resistant to tetracycline and ampicillin, necessitating vigilance and strengthening control measures as it poses a risk to human and animal health.

Kata Kunci : Sapi impor, E. coli O157:H7, resistansi antibiotik, gen resistan.