Analisis Pencemaran Escherichia coli dan Coliform Total pada Airtanah Akibat Aktivitas Peternakan Babi di Koya Timur dan Kampung Skouw Sae, Kota Jayapura

Herlin Mientha Simbiak, Dr. Margaretha Widyastuti, M.T.;Prof. Dr. Ignasius Loyola Setyawan Purnama, M.Si.

2025 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Lingkungan

Airtanah memiliki peran penting dalam menunjang kebutuhan dasar makhluk hidup. Airtanah rentan mengalami pencemaran terutama jika berada di lingkungan dengan pengelolaan sanitasi yang buruk, seperti di sekitar aktivitas peternakan babi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi karakteristik peternakan babi, menganalisis kualitas airtanah berdasarkan parameter E.coli dan coliform total, serta mengidentifikasi pengaruh aktivitas peternakan babi terhadap kualitas airtanah di Kelurahan Koya Timur dan Kampung Skouw Sae, Kecamatan Muara Tami, Kota Jayapura. Penelitian dilaksanakan melalui studi lapangan: observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi, serta pengambilan sampel airtanah pada 10 titik sumur dengan total 20 sampel. Analisis bakteriologis dilakukan menggunakan metode MPN. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah ternak tertinggi terdapat pada lokasi KT7 yaitu 80 ekor, terendah pada SS2 dan SS5 yaitu 8 ekor. Luas kandang di Koya Timur (KT6–KT10) tergolong padat dengan kepadatan >2 ekor/m². Sistem pemeliharaan di Skouw Sae bersifat tradisional dengan sanitasi buruk, sedangkan di Koya Timur bersifat semi intensif dengan kebersihan lebih baik. Limbah ternak tidak diolah, baik limbah padat maupun cair, dan dibuang langsung ke lahan terbuka atau septik tank. Hasil uji menunjukkan 9 sumur tercemar E. coli dan seluruh (10 sumur) tercemar coliform total, hal ini menunjukan semua airtanah tecemar melewati ambang batas baku mutu. Aktivitas peternakan babi memiliki pengaruh yang bervariasi terhadap kualitas airtanah. keberadaan E.coli dan coliform total pada airtanah dipengaruhi oleh interaksi antara jumlah ternak, jarak sumber pencemar, sistem pemeliharaan, dan kondisi sanitasi lingkungan. Pengelolaan limbah peternakan tidak memadai dan jarak sumur dekat dengan sumber pencemar merupakan faktor paling dominan dalam meningkatkan risiko pencemaran airtanah.

Groundwater plays a vital role in supporting the basic needs of living things. Groundwater is vulnerable to pollution, especially in environments with poor sanitation management, such as near pig farms. This study aims to identify the characteristics of pig farms, analyze groundwater quality based on E. coli and total coliform parameters, and identify the effect of pig farming activities on groundwater quality in Koya Timur Village and Skouw Sae Village, Muara Tami District, Jayapura City. The study was conducted through field studies: observation, interviews, documentation, and groundwater sampling at 10 well points with a total of 20 samples. Bacteriological analysis was conducted using the MPN method. The results showed that the highest number of livestock was found in KT7, namely 80 animals, and the lowest in SS2 and SS5, namely 8 animals. The area of ????the pen in Koya Timur (KT6–KT10) is classified as dense with a density of >2 animals/m². The husbandry system in Skouw Sae is traditional with poor sanitation, while in Koya Timur it is semi-intensive with better hygiene. Livestock waste is not treated, both solid and liquid waste, and is discharged directly into open fields or septic tanks. Test results showed that 9 wells were contaminated with E. coli, and all (10 wells) were contaminated with total coliform. This indicates that all groundwater is contaminated beyond the quality standard threshold. Pig farming activities have varying effects on groundwater quality. The presence of E. coli and total coliform in groundwater is influenced by the interaction between the number of livestock, the distance from the source of pollution, the maintenance system, and environmental sanitation conditions. Inadequate livestock waste management and the proximity of wells to the source of pollution are the most dominant factors in increasing the risk of groundwater pollution.

Kata Kunci : Airtanah, Peternakan babi, Escherichia coli, Coliform total