Deteksi Escherichia coli O157:H7 dan Profil Resistansi Antibiotik pada Daging Sapi dan Daging Kerbau yang Dilalulintaskan Melalui Pelabuhan Trisakti Banjarmasin

Ervina Ryan Puspasari, drh. Dyah Ayu Widiasih, Ph.D ; Dr. Roza Azizah Primatika, S.Si., M.Si

2026 | Tesis | S2 Sain Veteriner

Escherichia coli O157:H7 bersifat patogen dan banyak dihubungkan dengan kejadian outbreak foodborne disease. Konsumsi daging yang terkontaminasi E. coli O157:H7 resistan antibiotik dapat menimbulkan masalah kesehatan serius. Pelabuhan Trisakti merupakan gerbang utama masuknya komoditas pangan asal hewan ke Kalimantan Selatan. Lalulintas daging antar wilayah berpotensi menyebarkan E. coli O157:H7 resistan antibiotik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan isolasi dan identifikasi E. coli O157:H7 dari daging sapi dan daging kerbau yang dilalulintaskan melalui Pelabuhan Trisakti, menguji pola resistansinya terhadap antibiotik serta mendeteksi gen penyandi resistansi. Total sampel sebanyak 44 sampel, terdiri dari 31 sampel daging sapi dan 13 sampel daging kerbau. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik non-probability sampling. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu isolasi dan identifikasi bakteri menggunakan kultur dan dikonfirmasi menggunakan PCR menggunakan target gen rfbO157 dan fliCH7. Pengujian resistansi antibiotik menggunakan metode difusi cakram terhadap 6 jenis antibiotik meliputi siprofloksasin, gentamisin, ampisilin, tetrasiklin, kloramfenikol dan sulfametoksazol/trimetoprim. Deteksi gen resistansi antibiotik dilakukan dengan metode PCR menggunakan target gen qnrS, tetA dan bla_TEM,. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 4 isolat positif E. coli O157:H7 9,1% (4/44), terdiri atas dua isolat dari daging sapi 6,5% (2/31) dan dua isolat dari daging kerbau 15,4% (2/13). Isolat positif menunjukkan resistansi terhadap siprofloksasin, tetrasiklin dan ampisilin, dengan dua diantaranya tergolong multidrug resistant. Semua isolat masih sensitif terhadap gentamisin, kloramfenikol dan sulfametoksazol/trimetoprim. Gen penyandi resistansi yang terdeteksi pada isolat tersebut meliputi qnrS, tetA dan bla_TEM. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu E. coli O157:H7 resistan antibitoik dan gen resistansi antibiotik dapat terdeteksi dari sampel daging sapi dan daging kerbau yang dilalulintaskan melalui Pelabuhan Trisakti.

Escherichia coli O157:H7 are pathogenic and commonly associated with outbreaks of foodborne disease. Consumption of meat contaminated with antibiotic-resistant E. coli O157:H7 can cause serious health problems. Trisakti Port is the entry point for food commodities of animal origin into South Kalimantan. Transportation of meat between regions potentially spreads antibiotic-resistant E. coli O157:H7.  The aim of this study was to isolate and identify E. coli O157:H7 from beef and buffalo meat transhipped through Trisakti Port, testing its resistance patterns to antibiotics and detecting resistance genes. A total of 44 samples were collected, consisting of 31 beef samples and 13 buffalo meat samples. Sampling was performed using non-probability sampling techniques. The methods used in this study were bacterial isolation and identification using culture and confirmed using PCR targeting the rfbO157 and fliCH7 genes. Antibiotic resistance testing was performed using the disc diffusion method against six types of antibiotics including ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, ampicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim. Antibiotic resistance gene detection was performed using the PCR method targeting the qnrS, tetA, and bla_TEM genes. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that 4 isolates were positive for E. coli O157:H7, 9.1% (4/44), consisting of two isolates from beef, 6.5% (2/31), and two isolates from buffalo meat, 15.4% (2/13). Positive isolates showed resistance to ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, and ampicillin, with two of them classified as multidrug resistant. All isolates were still sensitive to gentamicin, chloramphenicol, and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim. The resistance genes detected in these isolates included qnrS, tetA, and bla_TEM. The study found that antibiotic-resistant E. coli O157:H7 and associated antibiotic resistance genes were present in beef and buffalo meat samples transhipped through Trisakti Port. 

Kata Kunci : Daging, E.coli O157:H7, foodborne disease, lalulintas pangan, resistansi antibiotik