Kemampuan Toxin Binder Berbahan Bentonite, Yeast Cell Wall, Curcumin, dan Cinnamon terhadap Peningkatan serta Penurunan Toksisitas Aflatoksin B1 pada Broiler

Agung Susilo Wahyudi, Dr. Ir. Muhsin Al Anas, S.Pt., IPP.

2026 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Peternakan

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui kemampuan toxin binder berbahan bentonite, yeast cell wall, curcumin, dan cinnamon terhadap pengikatan serta penurunan toksisitas aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) pada broiler. Pengujian daya ikat dilakukan secara in vitro dengan rancangan acak lengkap pola searah yang terdiri dari 4 perlakuan toxin binder dengan 3 ulangan yaitu P1=bentonite 100%, P2=yeast cell wall 100%, P3=bentonite 50% + yeast cell wall 50%, dan P4=bentonite 47,5% + yeast cell wall 47,5% + curcumin 3% + cinnamon 2 %. Penelitian secara in vivo dilakukan dengan menggunakan 288 day old chick (DOC) broiler jantan yang dibagi menjadi 6 perlakuan, setiap perlakuan terdiri dari 6 ulangan dengan 8 ekor broiler per ulangan. Hasil uji in vitro menunjukkan bahwa bentonite signifikan memiliki daya ikat AFB? tertinggi (92,96%). Kombinasi bentonite, yeast cell wall, curcumin, dan cinnamon menghasilkan daya ikat tinggi (86,52%) sedikit lebih rendah dari bentonite, tetapi tetap efektif menurunkan toksisitas AFB?. Pakan terkontaminasi AFB₁ positif kontrol (PC) menurunkan ADG dan meningkatkan FCR (P<0>1 (P0), dengan penambahan toxin binder mampu memperbaiki peningkatan ADG dan menurunkan FCR (P<0>1 berpengaruh terhadap penurunan ureum (P0=2,56 mg/dL; PC=1,28 mg/dL) dan BUN (P0=1,18 mg/dL; PC=0,6 mg/dL), tetapi secara konsisten toxin binder mengandung curcumin dan cinnamon memiliki rataan ureum, BUN lebih tinggi, begitu juga terjadi peningkatan trigliserida (54,88 mg/dL tanpa AFB₁; 40,22 mg/dL terpapar AFB₁) dibandingkan tanpa penambahan curcumin dan cinnamon (44,30 mg/dL tanpa AFB₁; 29,58 mg/dL terpapar AFB₁), hal ini dimungkinkan adanya efek antioksidan berpengaruh terhadap fungsi kerja hati. AFB₁ menurunkan rasio panjang vili : kedalaman kripta VH/CD (P0=8,93; PC=6,20) pada usus jejenum (P<0> sedangkan toxin binder signifikan meningkatkan VH/CD (7,85 dan 7,99). Paparan AFB₁ menyebabkan penurunan ekspresi gen CLDN1 (P0=1,17; PC=0,84) dan ZO1 (P0=1,31; PC=0,83), tetapi terjadi peningkatan JAM2 (P0=1,22; PC=1,63). Penambahan toxin binder mampu memperbaiki integritas tight junction yang ditunjukkan pada peningkatan nilai CLDN1, ZO1 (P=0,000). Pakan terpapar AFB₁ signifikan meningkatkan sitokin pro-inflamasi TNF? (P0=0,98; PC=1,27), IL18 (P0=1,05; PC=1,32), serta anti-inflamasi IL10 (P0=0,83; PC=2,58), IL13 (P0=1,06; PC=1,60). Penambahan toxin binder membalikkan respon sitokin melalui penurunan TNF?, IL18, IL10 (P=0,000), sedangkan IL13 sebaliknya pada kombinasi bentonite dan yeast cell wall. Penambahan curcumin dan cinnamon belum menunjukkan pengaruh signifikan terhadap respons sitokin, namun berpotensi memberikan efek protektif melalui aktivitas antioksidan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, kombinasi bentonite dan yeast cell wall dengan daya ikat sekitar 85% merupakan toxin binder paling efektif dalam mencegah dampak negatif toksisitas AFB? pada broiler.

This study aimed to assess the efficacy of toxin binders composed of bentonite, yeast cell wall, curcumin, and cinnamon in binding and mitigating the toxicity of aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) in broilers. The in vitro binding assay was conducted using a completely randomized design consisting of four treatments with three replicates: P1 = 100?ntonite, P2 = 100% yeast cell wall, P3 = 50?ntonite + 50% yeast cell wall, and P4 = 47,5?ntonite + 47,5% yeast cell wall + 3% curcumin + 2% cinnamon. The in vivo trial involved 288 male day-old broiler chicks distributed into six dietary treatments, each comprising six replicates with eight birds per replicate. The in vitro results demonstrated that bentonite exhibited the highest AFB₁ binding capacity (92,96%). The combination of bentonite, yeast cell wall, curcumin, and cinnamon achieved a similarly high binding capacity (86,52%), slightly lower than bentonite alone, yet still effective in reducing AFB₁ toxicity. AFB₁ contaminated feed (positive control, PC) significantly reduced average daily gain (ADG) and increased feed conversion ratio (FCR) (P < 0>1 exposure decreased serum urea (P0 = 2.56 mg/dL; PC = 1,28 mg/dL) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (P0 = 1,18 mg/dL; PC = 0,6 mg/dL), However, toxin binders containing curcumin and cinnamon consistently showed higher average urea, BUN, and triglyceride levels (54.88 mg/dL without AFB₁; 40.22 mg/dL with AFB₁ exposure) compared to treatments without curcumin and cinnamon (44.30 mg/dL without AFB₁; 29.58 mg/dL with AFB₁ exposure). This may be attributed to the antioxidant effects of curcumin and cinnamon, which could influence liver function. AFB₁ exposure reduced the jejunal villus height-to-crypt depth (VH/CD) ratio (P0 = 8,93; PC = 6,20) (P < 0>1 downregulated CLDN1 (P0 = 1,17; PC = 0,84) and ZO1 (P0 = 1,31; PC = 0,83) expression and upregulated JAM2 (P0 = 1,22; PC = 1,63). Toxin binder inclusion improved tight junction integrity, as evidenced by increased CLDN1 and ZO1 [removed]P=0,000). Dietary AFB₁ significantly elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-? (P0 = 0,98; PC = 1,27) and IL-18 (P0 = 1,05; PC = 1,32), and anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 (P0 = 0,83; PC = 2,58) and IL-13 (P0 = 1,06; PC = 1,60). Toxin binder supplementation modulated the cytokine profile by reducing TNF-?, IL-18, and IL-10 (P=0,000), whereas IL-13 increased specifically in the bentonite, yeast cell wall combination. Although curcumin and cinnamon did not exert a significant effect on cytokine responses, their antioxidant activities may contribute to a protective physiological role. Overall, the combination of bentonite and yeast cell wall, with an AFB₁-binding capacity of approximately 85%, was identified as the most effective toxin binder for mitigating the detrimental effects of AFB₁ toxicity in broilers.

Kata Kunci : Toxin binder, Bentonite, Yeast cell wall, Curcumin, Cinnamon.