FABRIKASI DAN KARAKTERISASI NANOFIBER MAGNETIK BERBASIS PVAc/Fe?O? MENGGUNAKAN METODE ELEKTROSPINNING

Noor Faiz Rasyid, Dr.Eng. Wahyu Waskito Aji, S.Si., M.Sc.

2026 | Skripsi | FISIKA

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memfabrikasi dan mengkarakterisasi nanofiber magnetik berbasis Polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) dengan penambahan nanopartikel magnetite (Fe?O?) menggunakan metode elektrospinning. Variasi konsentrasi Fe?O? (1%, 3%, dan 5%) ditambahkan ke dalam larutan PVAc (24 wt%) dalam dimetilformamida (DMF) sebelum difabrikasi pada tegangan 9,5 kV dengan jarak tip to collector 9 cm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan Fe?O? mempengaruhi morfologi dan sifat fisik nanofiber secara signifikan. Analisis Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) memperlihatkan bahwa peningkatan konsentrasi Fe?O? hingga 5% menurunkan diameter rata-rata serat secara drastis dari 365 nm (tanpa filler) menjadi 125 nm dengan morfologi yang seragam dan bebas beads. Hasil X-ray Diffractometer (XRD) mengonfirmasi integrasi kristal inverse spinel Fe₃O₄ ke dalam matriks amorf PVAc, disertai penurunan ukuran kristalit menjadi 4,21 nm akibat regangan kisi. Spektrum Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) menunjukkan interaksi fisik antara gugus fungsi PVAc dan Fe?O? tanpa mengubah struktur kimia polimer. Pengujian Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) membuktikan nanofiber memiliki sifat superparamagnetik dengan koersivitas rendah (58,8 Oe) dan magnetisasi saturasi sebesar 1,8 emu/g. Meskipun uji tarik menunjukkan penurunan kekuatan mekanis menjadi 10,67 MPa pada konsentrasi 5%, material ini dinilai memiliki karakteristik optimum untuk diaplikasikan sebagai kandidat material penutup luka (wound dressing).

This study aims to fabricate and characterize magnetic nanofibers based on Polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) with the addition of magnetite nanoparticles (Fe?O?) using the electrospinning method. Variations of Fe?O? concentrations (1%, 3%, and 5%) were incorporated into a PVAc solution (24 wt%) in dimethylformamide (DMF) prior to fabrication at a voltage of 9.5 kV with a tip-to-collector distance of 9 cm. The results indicated that the addition of Fe?O? significantly influenced the morphology and physical properties of the nanofibers. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed that increasing the Fe?O? concentration up to 5% drastically reduced the average fiber diameter from 365 nm (without filler) to 125 nm, resulting in a uniform and bead-free morphology. X-ray Diffractometer (XRD) results confirmed the integration of inverse spinel Fe?O? crystals into the amorphous PVAc matrix, accompanied by a decrease in crystallite size to 4.21 nm due to lattice strain. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra showed physical interactions between the functional groups of PVAc and Fe?O? without altering the chemical structure of the polymer. Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) testing demonstrated that the nanofibers exhibit superparamagnetic properties with low coercivity (58.8 Oe) and a saturation magnetization of 1.8 emu/g. Although tensile testing showed a reduction in mechanical strength to 10.67 MPa at the 5% concentration, this material is assessed to possess optimum characteristics for application as a candidate for wound dressing material.

Kata Kunci : Nanofiber Magnetik, Polyvinil acetate (PVAc), Magnetite (Fe?O?), Morfologi Serat, Elektrospinning