Pengendalian Persediaan Obat Dengan Metode Economic Order Quantity (EOQ), Economic Order Interval (EOI) dan Reorder Point (ROP) di Instalasi Farmasi RSUD dr. Soedono Madiun

Stefanus Indra Gamawan, Dr. apt. Diah Ayu Puspandar, M.B.A., M.Kes; Prof. Dr. apt. Satibi, M.Si.

2026 | Tesis | Magister Manajemen Farmasi

Pengendalian persediaan obat yang efektif dan efisien sangat diperlukan untuk mencegah kelebihan atau kekosongan stok, kerusakan, kadaluwarsa, serta inefisiensi anggaran. Namun, data menunjukkan masih terdapat permasalahan pengendalian persediaan obat di beberapa fasilitas kesehatan, seperti di RSUD dr. Soedono Madiun tahun 2015 yang mengalami tingkat ketersediaan berlebih (38,1%), aman (45,2%), kurang (9,9%), dan kosong (6,8%). Kondisi ini berdampak pada pemborosan anggaran, penurunan kualitas pelayanan, dan ketidakpuasan pasien. Berbagai metode pengendalian persediaan seperti Economic Order Quantity (EOQ), Economic Order Interval (EOI), dan Reorder Point (ROP) telah terbukti dapat meningkatkan efisiensi dibandingkan metode konvensional. Namun, evaluasi komprehensif yang membandingkan efektivitas dan efisiensi implementasi metode-metode tersebut masih terbatas, termasuk evaluasi pengendalian persediaan di RSUD dr. Soedono Madiun pasca tahun 2015, sehingga diperlukan penelitian untuk mengevaluasi kualitas pengendalian persediaan obat di Instalasi Farmasi RSUD dr. Soedono Madiun dan menganalisis perbandingan penerapan metode EOQ, EOI, dan ROP.

Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan kuantitatif menggunakan data retrospektif periode 2024. Penilaian kualitas pengendalian persediaan menggunakan seluruh item obat berdasarkan 5 indikator (tingkat ketersediaan, item stok kosong, item stok berlebih, item stok mati, dan ITOR) yang dibandingkan dengan standar. Simulasi penerapan metode EOQ, EOI, dan ROP dilakukan pada 120 item obat kategori AV dan AE dari hasil analisis ABC-VEN. Perbandingan kondisi riil dengan hasil simulasi dianalisis menggunakan uji statistik bivariat.

Hasil dari penilaian kualitas pengendalian persediaan pada seluruh item obat menunjukkan belum memenuhi standar dengan tingkat ketersediaan 27,2 bulan item stok berlebih 26,43% item stok mati 25%, dan ITOR 5,66 kali/tahun. Hasil dari simulasi pengendalian persediaan pada 120 item obat kategori AV dan AE menunjukkan penurunan signifikan nilai persediaan dari Rp4.129.374.605 menjadi Rp2.160.249.629 atau turun 47,68% (p=0,001), penurunan nilai pengadaan dari Rp21.088.835.549 menjadi Rp19.119.710.573 atau turun 9,34% (p=0,001 < 0 p=0,001 p=0,025 p=1,0> 0,05).

Kualitas pengendalian persediaan obat di RSUD dr. Soedono Madiun belum memenuhi standar pedoman. Simulasi penerapan metode EOQ, EOI, dan ROP pada obat kategori AV dan AE terbukti dapat meningkatkan efisiensi pengendalian persediaan secara signifikan melalui penurunan nilai persediaan dan nilai pengadaan, peningkatan ITOR, dan perbaikan tingkat ketersediaan obat

Effective and efficient drug inventory control is essential to prevent overstocking or stock shortages, damage, expiration, and budget inefficiency. However, data shows that drug inventory control problems still exist in several healthcare facilities, such as at RSUD dr. Soedono Madiun in 2015, which experienced excess availability levels (38.1%), safe levels (45.2%), insufficient levels (9.9%), and out-of-stock levels (6.8%). This condition results in budget waste, decreased service quality, and patient dissatisfaction. Various inventory control methods such as Economic Order Quantity (EOQ), Economic Order Interval (EOI), and Reorder Point (ROP) have been proven to improve efficiency compared to conventional methods. However, comprehensive evaluation comparing the effectiveness and efficiency of implementing these methods remains limited, including evaluation of inventory control at RSUD dr. Soedono Madiun after 2015, therefore research is needed to evaluate the quality of drug inventory control at the Pharmacy Installation of RSUD dr. Soedono Madiun and analyze the comparison of EOQ, EOI, and ROP method implementation..

This is a descriptive-analytical study with a quantitative approach using retrospective data from 2024. Assessment of inventory control quality used all drug items based on 5 indicators (availability level, stockout items, overstock items, dead stock items, and ITOR) compared with standards. Simulation of EOQ, EOI, and ROP method application was conducted on 120 drug items in the AV and AE categories from ABC-VEN analysis results. Comparison between real conditions and simulation results was analyzed using bivariate statistical tests.

Results from the quality assessment of inventory control for all drug items showed failure to meet standards with an availability level of 27.2 months, overstock items at 26.43%, dead stock items at 25%, and ITOR at 5.66 times/year. Results from the inventory control simulation on 120 drug items in AV and AE categories showed a significant decrease in inventory value from Rp4,129,374,605 to Rp2,160,249,629 or a decrease of 47.68% (p=0.001), a decrease in procurement value from Rp21,088,835,549 to Rp19,119,710,573 or a decrease of 9.34% (p=0.001 < 0>), an increase in ITOR from 6.67 to 8.68 times/year or an increase of 30.13% (p=0.001 < 0>), and a decrease in drug availability level from 15.02 to 14.91 months or a decrease of 0.73% (p=0.025 < 0> However, there was no change in the percentage of overstock which remained at 10.83% (p=1.0 > 0,05).

The quality of drug inventory control at RSUD dr. Soedono Madiun has not met guideline standards. Simulation of EOQ, EOI, and ROP method application on AV and AE category drugs proved capable of significantly improving inventory control efficiency through reduction in inventory value and procurement value, increased ITOR, and improvement in drug availability levels

Kata Kunci : Pengendalian persediaan obat, Economic Order Quantity (EOQ), Economic Order Quantity (EOI), Reorder Point (ROP)