KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS BURUNG PADA DUA TIPE HABITAT DI KABUPATEN SANGGAU KALIMANTAN BARAT

Beni kusmanto, Ir. Denni Susanto, S.Hut., M.Sc., Ph.D.,

2026 | Tugas Akhir | D4 PENGELOLAAN HUTAN

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbedaan keanekaragaman jenis dan struktur komunitas burung antara hutan primer dan perkebunan kelapa sawit di Kabupaten Sanggau, Kalimantan Barat, serta menilai pengaruh faktor lingkungan terhadap komunitas burung pada kedua tipe habitat tersebut. Pengumpulan data dilakukan pada Oktober–Desember 2024 menggunakan metode point count pada 60 titik pengamatan (masing-masing 30 titik di tiap habitat). Faktor biotik dan abiotik yang diukur meliputi struktur vegetasi, elevasi, kemiringan lahan, dan jarak terhadap sumber air. Analisis keanekaragaman dilakukan dengan indeks Shannon–Wiener (H’), sedangkan pengaruh lingkungan dianalisis menggunakan model Generalized Linear Model (GLM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hutan primer memiliki 66 spesies (H’ = 3,718), sedangkan perkebunan sawit hanya 50 spesies (H’ = 3,161). Meskipun jumlah individu burung lebih tinggi di perkebunan sawit, komunitasnya didominasi spesies generalis seperti Acridotheres javanicus dan Lonchura fuscans. Sebaliknya, hutan primer dihuni oleh spesies khas seperti Pycnonotus squamatus dan Cacomantis variolosus yang bergantung pada struktur vegetasi kompleks. Analisis GLM menunjukkan bahwa keanekaragaman burung di hutan primer dipengaruhi signifikan oleh jumlah jenis dan individu pohon, sedangkan di perkebunan sawit ditentukan oleh elevasi dan jarak dari sumber air.

Secara keseluruhan, hasil ini menegaskan bahwa konversi hutan menjadi perkebunan sawit menurunkan keanekaragaman burung dan menyebabkan homogenisasi komunitas, sehingga pelestarian hutan primer dan penerapan praktik perkebunan ramah biodiversitas sangat diperlukan untuk menjaga keseimbangan ekosistem tropis.

This study aims to analyze the differences in bird species diversity and community structure between primary forests and oil palm plantations in Sanggau Regency, West Kalimantan, and to assess the influence of environmental factors on bird communities in both habitat types. Data collection was conducted from October to December 2024 using the point count method at 60 observation points (30 points in each habitat). The biotic and abiotic factors measured included vegetation structure, elevation, slope, and distance to water sources. Diversity was analyzed using the Shannon–Wiener Index (H’), while environmental effects were analyzed using the Generalized Linear Model (GLM). The results showed that the primary forest had 66 species (H’ = 3.718), whereas the oil palm plantation had only 50 species (H’ = 3.161). Although the number of individual birds was higher in the oil palm plantation, the community was dominated by generalist species such as Acridotheres javanicus and Lonchura fuscans. In contrast, the primary forest was inhabited by specialist species such as Pycnonotus squamatus and Cacomantis variolosus, which depend on complex vegetation structures. GLM analysis revealed that bird diversity in the primary forest was significantly influenced by the number and abundance of tree species, while in oil palm plantations, it was determined by elevation and distance from water sources. Overall, these results emphasize that forest conversion into oil palm plantations reduces bird diversity and causes community homogenization, underscoring the importance of conserving primary forests and promoting biodiversity-friendly plantation practices to maintain tropical ecosystem balance.

Kata Kunci : keanekaragamanburung,hutanprimer,perkebunankelapasawit,faktor lingkungan,Sanggau.