Produktivitas, Histomorfologi Jejunum, Asam Lemak Rantai Pendek dan Ekspresi Gen Barrier Function dan Inflamasi Ayam Broiler yang Diberi Pakan Fermentasi Bungkil Inti Sawit

Dimas Fakhruddin, Dr. Ir. Muhsin Al Anas, S.Pt., IPP. ; Dr. Ir. Asih Kurniawati, S.Pt., M.Si., IPM.

2026 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Peternakan

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi penggunaan bungkil inti sawit fermentasi (BISF) yang difermentasi menggunakan Limosilactobacillus fermentum BN21 terhadap performa pertumbuhan, histomorfologi jejunum, profil asam lemak rantai pendek sekum, serta ekspresi gen yang berhubungan dengan barrier function dan inflamasi usus pada ayam broiler. Sebanyak 320 ekor ayam broiler jantan strain Indian River umur satu hari dibagi secara acak ke dalam lima perlakuan pakan: kontrol (KTRL) dengan pakan basal, 2,5% bungkil inti sawit fermentasi (BISF2.5), 5% bungkil inti sawit fermentasi (BISF5), 7,5% bungkil inti sawit fermentasi (BISF7.5) dan 10% bungkil inti sawit fermentasi (BISF10). Setiap perlakuan terdiri dari 8 ulangan dengan 8 ekor ayam per ulangan. Pemeliharaaan dilakukan selama 35 hari dengan pemberian pakan dan minum secara ad libitum. Data performa yang diambil meliputi konsumsi pakan, pertambahan bobot badan, dan konversi pakan. Satu ekor ayam diambil dari setiap pen pada akhir pemeliharaan. Sampel digesta sekum digunakan untuk analisis produksi asam lemak rantai pendek sementara sampel jejunum digunakan untuk analisis histomorfologi dan ekspresi gen tight junction dan inflamasi. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis varians satu arah (ANOVA) yang dilanjutkan dengan uji Tukey’s HSD serta kontras polinomial linier dan kuadratik (P<0>P<0>VH:CD) meningkat pada perlakuan BISF5 (P<0>P<0>claudin-1 (CLDN-1) menurun (P<0,001) sedangkan zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) meningkat secara linier (P<0>interleukin-18 (IL-18) menurun sementara interleukin-10 (IL-10) dan interleukin-13 (IL-13) meningkat (P<0>Limosilactobacillus fermentum BN21 meningkatkan kinerja usus melalui peningkatan produksi asam lemak rantai pendek dan modulasi ekspresi gen yang terkait dengan integritas usus serta regulasi imun tanpa menurunkan performa pertumbuhan ayam broiler.

This study aimed to evaluate the potential use of fermented palm kernel meal (FPKM), fermented using Limosilactobacillus fermentum BN21, on growth performance, jejunal histomorphology, cecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) profiles, and the expression of genes related to intestinal barrier function and inflammation in broiler chickens. A total of 320 one-day-old male Indian River broiler chicks were randomly allocated to five dietary treatments: a control group fed a basal diet (KTRL) and diets containing 2.5?rmented palm kernel meal (FPKM2.5), 5?rmented palm kernel meal (FPKM5), 7.5?rmented palm kernel meal (FPKM7.5), and 10?rmented palm kernel meal (FPKM10). Each treatment consisted of eight replicates with eight birds per replicate. The birds were reared for 35 days with feed and water provided ad libitum. Growth performance parameters evaluated included feed intake, body weight gain, and feed conversion ratio. At the end of the experimental period, one bird was randomly selected from each pen. Cecal digesta samples were collected for the analysis of short-chain fatty acid production, while jejunal tissue samples were used for histomorphological evaluation and analysis of tight junction– and inflammation-related gene expression. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Tukey’s HSD test and linear and quadratic polynomial contrasts (P<0>P<0>P<0>P<0>claudin-1 (CLDN-1) was significantly downregulated (P<0>zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) expression increased linearly with increasing dietary FPKM levels (P<0>interleukin-18 (IL-18) was reduced, whereas interleukin-10 (IL-10) and interleukin-13 (IL-13) were significantly upregulated (P<0>Limosilactobacillus fermentum BN21 enhances intestinal function through increased short-chain fatty acid production and modulation of gene expression related to intestinal integrity and immune regulation, without negatively affecting growth performance in broiler chickens.

Kata Kunci : broiler, fermentasi, histomorfologi, produktivitas, SCFA ; broiler, fermentation, histomorphology, productivity, SCFA