Peran Pohon dalam Stabilitas Lereng : Interaksi Antara Perkuatan Akar dan Beban Permukaan
Manjula Mumtaz Najla, Ir. Rozaqqa Noviandi, S.T., M.Agr., Ph.D.
2026 | Skripsi | TEKNIK SIPIL
Vegetation, especially trees, plays an important role in maintaining slope stability through hydro-mechanical effects. Hydrologically, trees intercept rainwater, which slows surface runoff. Mechanically, tree root systems increase soil cohesion, commonly referred to as root cohesion (cr) . However, trees can also impose an additional load (surcharge) on slopes, which has the potential to increase shear stress on the slope. Both of these mechanisms are strongly influenced by tree density, as competition between trees for water and nutrients determines root development, biomass allocation, and root cohesion. Although the role of trees and root structures in slope stabilization has been extensively studied, the influence of tree density on the simultaneous interaction between root competition, root cohesion, and increased slope load has not been well quantified. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate how variations in tree density affect slope stability by considering root cohesion and biomass load.
This research uses numerical simulation by integrating RDM, RBMw, and finite element analysis using PLAXIS 2D. RDM is used to estimate the spatial distribution of roots at various growth stages by assuming a uniform azimuthal distribution around the trunk. Root reinforcement is calculated using RBMw, which assumes that root tensile strength is not uniform within a diameter class, allowing for progressive root failure. Then, slope stability analysis is performed using PLAXIS 2D with the Strength Reduction Method (SRM). Cryptomeria japonica was selected as a representative shallow-rooted species, considering tree density of 400-3500 trees/ha and soil thickness of 1–2.5 m. The analysis was conducted under static and dynamic conditions with lateral earthquake coefficients (kh) of 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2 g, representing variations in earthquake intensity from strong to very strong and destructive.
The results showed that trees affect slope stability, either increasing or decreasing it, following a nonlinear response to density. At low densities (400–1500 trees/ha), roots develop and spread widely, while at high densities (2000–3500 trees/ha), their distribution decreases by up to 88.4?cause competition and space limitations inhibit the formation of coarse roots (> 2 mm). Based on the analysis results, roots can increase soil cohesion by up to 484.25%, where the highest cr (48.4 kPa) is produced by a density of 400 trees/ha, while the lowest cr (0.53 kPa) is produced by a density of 3500 trees/ha. As a result, the slope SF at a soil thickness of 1 m increased by up to 15% (static) and 24% (dynamic). However, at high densities, there was a 98.91?crease in cr (compared to a density of 400 trees/ha), which caused a 6?crease in SF under static and dynamic conditions. For soil thickness >1 m, no increase in SF can be observed due to the increase in soil mass dominating the stability response, thus root reinforcement is ignored. Then, there is a decrease in tree weight by up to 98.5% as tree density increases, from 13.07 kN to 0.2 kN, meaning that high tree density provides a smaller and more evenly distributed load on the slope. Thus, this study indicates that root reinforcement capacity and individual tree weight in slope stability analysis are influenced by tree density. However, the optimal tree density value within the tested density range cannot yet be determined, so further research is needed to obtain a more definite relationship.
Kata Kunci : Distribusi akar, perkuatan akar, berat pohon, kepadatan pohon, stabilitas lereng.