GAMBARAN PENGETAHUAN PERAWAT TENTANG EARLY WARNING SYSTEM (EWS) DI RUANG RAWAT INAP DEWASA RSUP DR. SARDJITO YOGYAKARTA

Kiki Dewi Pramuhesti, Dr. Sri Setiyarini, S.Kp., M.Kes; Subroto, S.Kep. Ns., M.Kep; Maryami Y. K, S.Kep., Ns., M.Kep., Ph.D

2026 | Skripsi | ILMU KEPERAWATAN

Latar belakang: Ruang rawat inap dewasa merupakan unit pelayanan yang memerlukan pemantauan ketat karena pasien yang tampak stabil dapat mengalami perburukan mendadak, sehingga penerapan Early Warning System (EWS) menjadi penting dalam deteksi dini kondisi klinis. Keberhasilan penggunaan EWS sangat bergantung pada pengetahuan perawat dalam melakukan pengukuran, interpretasi, dan tindak lanjut parameter fisiologis. Di RSUP Dr. Sardjito, kebutuhan penerapan EWS semakin penting mengingat tingginya kompleksitas kasus dan temuan awal terkait ketidakkonsistenan dalam interpretasi skor. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan menggambarkan tingkat pengetahuan perawat mengenai EWS di ruang rawat inap dewasa RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta sebagai dasar peningkatan mutu pelayanan. 

 

Tujuan: Mengetahui tingkat pengetahuan perawat mengenai Early Warning System (EWS) di ruang rawat inap dewasa RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta.

 

Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi deskriptif kuantitatif. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner yang disusun peneliti dan diisi oleh perawat. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada 19 unit rawat inap dewasa selama Oktober-November 2025, melibatkan besar sampel 150 perawat dari populasi 240 perawat dengan metode convenience sampling. Instrument yang digunakan yaitu kuesioner terdiri dari data karakteristik responden serta 20 item pertanyaan pengetahuan EWS yang dinilai berdasarkan kategori baik, cukup, dan kurang.

 

Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas perawat berada pada kategori pengetahuan cukup mengenai Early Warning System (EWS) sebesar 56,7%, sedangkan 25,3?rada pada kategori kurang. Kondisi ini menunjukkan bahwa meskipun pemahaman dasar perawat terhadap EWS sudah terbentuk, kemampuan interpretasi dan aplikasi klinis masih perlu ditingkatkan. Variasi pengetahuan dipengaruhi oleh usia muda, masa kerja pendek, serta jenjang kompetensi yang lebih rendah, terutama pada perawat Klinik I dan Associate Nurse. Analisis tingkat kognitif menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan pada level C1-C3 masih belum optimal, sedangkan kemampuan analisis hingga evaluasi pada level C4-C6 relatif lebih baik. Temuan ini menegaskan perlunya penguatan kapasitas melalui pelatihan berkelanjutan, sosialisasi yang lebih efektif, serta supervisi klinis untuk mendukung implementasi EWS secara optimal

 

Kesimpulan: Gambaran pengetahuan perawat mengenai Early Warning System (EWS) di ruang rawat inap dewasa RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta secara umum berada pada kategori cukup.

 

Kata kunci: Early Warning System (EWS), Pengetahuan, Perawat

Background: The adult inpatient unit is a hospital service area that requires close monitoring because patients who appear clinically stable may experience sudden deterioration, making the implementation of the Early Warning System (EWS) essential for early detection. The effectiveness of EWS relies heavily on nurses’ knowledge in accurately assessing, interpreting, and responding to physiological parameters. At Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, the need for optimal EWS utilization is heightened due to the high complexity of clinical cases and initial findings indicating inconsistencies in EWS interpretation. Therefore, this study aims to describe the level of nurses’ knowledge regarding EWS in the adult inpatient unit of Dr. Sardjito General Hospital Yogyakarta as a basis for improving the quality of care. 

Objective: To describe the level of nurses’ knowledge concerning the Early Warning System (EWS) in the adult inpatient units of Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta.

Methods: This study employed a quantitative descriptive design. Data were collected using a researcher-developed questionnaire completed by participating nurses. The study was conducted across 19 adult inpatient care units from October to November 2025 and involved the sample size of 150 nurses drawn from a population of 240 using a convenience sampling method. The research instrument consisted of a demographic questionnaire and a 20-item Early Warning System (EWS) knowledge assessment, with scores categorized into good, adequate, and poor levels of knowledge.

Results: This study found that most nurses demonstrated a moderate level of knowledge regarding the Early Warning System (EWS) (56.7%), while 25.3% were categorized as having low knowledge. These findings indicate that although nurses possess a basic understanding of EWS, their ability to interpret scores and apply them in clinical decision-making remains insufficient. Variations in knowledge were influenced by younger age, shorter work experience, and lower competency levels, particularly among Clinical Nurse I and Associate Nurse groups. Cognitive analysis showed that performance at levels C1–C3 was not yet optimal, whereas abilities in analysis, synthesis, and evaluation at levels C4-C6 were relatively stronger. Overall, these results highlight the need for capacity strengthening through continuous training, more effective dissemination, and structured clinical supervision to support optimal implementation of EWS.

Conclusion: The overall level of nurses’ knowledge regarding the Early Warning System (EWS) in the adult inpatient units of Dr. Sardjito Hospital is categorized as moderate.

Keywords: Early Warning System (EWS), Knowledge, Nurses

Kata Kunci : Early Warning System (EWS), Knowledge, Nurses