Implementasi Program Low Emission Zone di Kawasan Sumbu Filosofi Malioboro Yogyakarta

Iqrima Aurora Aulia'I, Dr. Suripto, A.Md., S.I.P., MPA; Ario Wicaksono, S.I.P., M.Si., Ph.D; Novi Paramita Dewi., S.IP., M.D.P.,Ph.D

2025 | Skripsi | ILMU ADMINISTRASI NEGARA (MANAJEMEN DAN KEBIJAKAN PUBLIK)

Penelitian ini mengkaji implementasi kebijakan Low Emission Zone (LEZ) di Kawasan Malioboro Yogyakarta di kawasan heritage Sumbu Filosofi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan kerangka teori implementasi kebijakan Mazmanian dan Sabatier (1983) untuk menganalisis kesenjangan antara rancangan kebijakan dan realisasi di lapangan. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi LEZ telah dijalankan melalui sejumlah program strategis, seperti pengoperasian Trans Jogja listrik, pengadaan becak kayuh listrik, penataan jalur pedestrian, serta pembatasan kendaraan bermotor pada jam tertentu. Program-program tersebut mencerminkan komitmen pemerintah daerah dalam menjaga kualitas kawasan pusaka sekaligus mengurangi dampak negatif polusi udara yang dihasilkan dari kendaraan bermotor berbahan bakar fosil. Namun demikian, efektivitas LEZ dalam menurunkan emisi karbon secara signifikan masih terbatas. Dampak kebijakan lebih terlihat pada peningkatan kenyamanan ruang publik, pengendalian polusi lokal jangka pendek, dan perbaikan pengalaman wisata, dibandingkan pada pencapaian penurunan emisi karbon secara struktural. Ditinjau dari perspektif teori implementasi, rendahnya tractability of the problem, lemahnya kemampuan kebijakan dalam mengatur proses implementasi, serta pengaruh variabel lingkungan—seperti resistensi sosial, kompleksitas fungsi kawasan, dan keterbatasan komitmen aktor pelaksana—menjadi faktor utama yang menghambat efektivitas kebijakan. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa implementasi LEZ di Malioboro masih bersifat parsial dan simbolis, serta belum terintegrasi secara kuat dengan sistem transportasi kota berkelanjutan dan agenda pembangunan rendah karbon. Penelitian ini dibatasi oleh durasi kajian dan belum dilakukannya pengukuran emisi secara kuantitatif, sehingga penelitian selanjutnya disarankan menggunakan pendekatan multidisiplin dan pemantauan emisi berbasis data empiris untuk mengevaluasi dampak kebijakan LEZ secara lebih komprehensif.

This study examines the implementation of the Low Emission Zone (LEZ) policy in the Malioboro Area of Yogyakarta, which forms part of the Sumbu Filosofi heritage zone. The research adopts a qualitative approach and applies the policy implementation framework developed by Mazmanian and Sabatier (1983) to analyze the gap between policy design and on-the-ground implementation. The findings indicate that the LEZ policy has been implemented through several strategic programs, including the operation of electric Trans Jogja buses, the deployment of electric pedicabs, the reconfiguration of pedestrian corridors, and time-based restrictions on motorized vehicles. These initiatives reflect the local government’s commitment to preserving the integrity of the heritage area while mitigating the adverse impacts of air pollution generated by fossil fuel–based transportation. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of the LEZ policy in achieving substantial carbon emission reductions remains limited. The impacts of the policy are more evident in terms of improved public space comfort, short-term local pollution control, and enhanced tourism experiences, rather than in delivering structural reductions in carbon emissions. From the perspective of policy implementation theory, the low tractability of the problem, the limited capacity of the policy to structure and control the implementation process, and the influence of environmental variables—such as social resistance, the multifunctional complexity of the area, and the constrained commitment of implementing actors—emerge as the main factors hindering policy effectiveness. This study concludes that the implementation of the LEZ in Malioboro remains partial and largely symbolic, and has not yet been strongly integrated into the broader sustainable urban transport system or the low-carbon development agenda. The study is constrained by its limited duration and the absence of direct quantitative emission measurements; therefore, future research is recommended to adopt multidisciplinary approaches and empirical emission monitoring to more comprehensively assess the impacts of LEZ policies.

Kata Kunci : Implementasi Kebijakan, Low Emission Zone, Malioboro, Kawasan Sumbu Filosofi