Analisis Status Istri Yang Ikut Menjadi Debitur Pailit Akibat Perjanjian Penanggungan (Personal Guarantee) Yang Dibuat Oleh Suami Tanpa Sepengetahuan Pasangan Kawin (Studi Putusan Nomor 510/Pdt.G/2019/PN.Jkt.Sel)

ADINDA ZAHRA FATHYA AGUNG, Dr. Ninik Darmini, S.H., M.Hum.

2026 | Skripsi | ILMU HUKUM

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keadilan penetapan istri sebagai debitur pailit akibat perikatan personal guarantee yang dibuat oleh suami tanpa persetujuan istri, serta merumuskan upaya preventif perlindungan hukum terhadap istri dalam rezim kepailitan dan harta bersama.

Penulisan Hukum ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif yang didukung data empiris dari wawancara praktisi, menggunakan pendekatan undang-undang dan pendekatan kasus. Analisis dilakukan secara kualitatif, berlandaskan kerangka teori prinsip keadilan. Kerangka teori tersebut digunakan guna menguji apakah keputusan yang dikeluarkan telah mencapai keadilan substantif bagi pihak yang tidak terlibat perikatan.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan majelis hakim cenderung mengedepankan kepastian hukum formal, menerapkan Pasal 23 UU Kepailitan secara kaku. Penerapan norma ini berakibat seluruh harta bersama secara otomatis masuk ke dalam boedel pailit, dan istri kehilangan legal standing untuk mengajukan gugatan perlawanan. Keputusan tersebut dinilai mengabaikan prinsip keadilan substantif, karena istri dipaksa menanggung akibat hukum setara dengan suami yang bertindak sepihak. Berdasarkan temuan tersebut, disimpulkan bahwa upaya preventif pelindungan hak atas harta bersama harus diperkuat. Upaya tersebut mencakup pembuatan perjanjian perkawinan pisah harta sebagai instrumen wajib manajemen risiko finansial keluarga, serta pengetatan prosedur verifikasi dan kewajiban persetujuan eksplisit pasangan dalam setiap akta penanggungan oleh notaris dan lembaga keuangan.

This research aims to analyze the fairness of designating a wife as a bankrupt debtor due to a personal guarantee executed by the husband without the wife’s consent, as well as to formulate preventive legal protection measures for wives within the bankruptcy regime and the joint marital property system.

This Legal Writing constitutes a normative legal research supported by empirical data from practitioner interviews, utilizing a statutory approach and a case approach. The analysis was conducted qualitatively. The analysis is conducted through a qualitative method, grounded in the theoretical framework of justice principles. This framework is employed to examine whether the court's decision achieved a balance between the demand for legal certainty and substantive justice for the party not involved in the original contract.

The results of the study indicate that the panel of judges tended to prioritize formal legal certainty by strictly applying Article 23 of the Bankruptcy Law. The application of this norm resulted in all joint property automatically being included in the bankruptcy estate, causing the wife to lose her legal standing to file a resistance lawsuit. Substantively, the decision fails to reflect principles of substantive justice, as the wife is forced to bear legal consequences equivalent to the husband who acted unilaterally. Based on these findings, it is concluded that preventive measures to protect the rights to joint property must be strengthened. Such measures include the establishment of a marital property separation agreement as a mandatory instrument for family financial risk management, as well as the tightening of verification procedures and the requirement for explicit spousal consent in every guarantee deed by notaries and financial institutions.

Kata Kunci : Kepailitan Suami Istri, Harta Bersama, Perjanjian Penanggungan.