Pemanfaatan Penginderaan Jauh dan Sistem Informasi Geografis untuk Estimasi Debit Puncak di Sub-DAS Wiroko
Azaria Siwi Ramadani, Dr. Sudaryatno, M.Si.
2026 | Skripsi | KARTOGRAFI DAN PENGINDRAAN JAUH
The Gajah Mungkur Reservoir, located in Wonogiri Regency, plays a crucial role in flood control, irrigation water supply, and hydropower generation within the Bengawan Solo River Basin. However, increasing rainfall variability and the occurrence of extreme rainfall events in recent years have intensified surface runoff from upstream areas, potentially exceeding the reservoir’s operational regulation capacity. This condition is reflected in several flood overflow events recorded in the Upper Bengawan Solo region during the 2020–2023 period. Among the ten sub-watersheds contributing to the reservoir catchment, the Wiroko Sub-watershed is the second largest and is characterized by hilly topography, which has a high potential for generating peak discharge.
This study aims to map the spatial distribution of runoff coefficients and peak discharge in each sub-sub-watershed within the Wiroko Sub-watershed, identify the main contributing areas to peak discharge, and evaluate the capability of remote sensing data for peak discharge estimation. The research integrates Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) by utilizing Sentinel-2A imagery for land use and vegetation density (NDVI) analysis, ALOS PALSAR DEM for hydromorphometric analysis, and CHIRPS satellite rainfall data for rainfall intensity estimation. All parameters were spatially processed using the Rational Method and validated with field observations and observed hydrological data.
The results indicate that the Wiroko Sub-watershed is dominated by high runoff coefficient values (62–74%), with the largest discharge contributions originating from sub-sub-watersheds 6, 1, and 2. CHIRPS rainfall data show a Pbias value of 21.2%, which falls within the acceptable category. Accuracy assessments demonstrate good performance of the remote sensing data, with slope accuracy of 80%, NDVI accuracy of 86%, and land use classification accuracy of 96%. Peak discharge estimation was most accurate for the 2-year return period, achieving agreement levels of up to 78,5%, although a tendency toward overestimation was observed. Overall, the integration of remote sensing and GIS proves effective for spatial peak discharge estimation; however, calibration of rainfall data is required to improve accuracy for longer return periods.
Kata Kunci : Penginderaan Jauh, SIG, Sentinel 2A, CHIRPS, ALOS PALSAR, Debit Puncak, Metode Cook