EVALUASI FAKTOR SAFETY DAN ANALISIS TEKNOEKONOMI UNIT PRODUKSI GREEN AMMONIA DI PT GREEN AMMONIA INDONESIA

Baskara Aji Nugraha, Prof. Ir. Wiratni, S.T., M.T., Ph.D., IPM; Ir. Rochim Bakti Cahyono, ST., M.Sc., Ph.D., IPM

2026 | Tesis | S2 Teknik Kimia

Tuntutan dunia terhadap pengurangan emisi CO₂ dan peningkatan permintaan ammonia di masa yang akan datang, mendorong PT Kaltim Parna Industri (PT KPI) untuk mendirikan anak perusahaan bernama PT Green Ammonia Indonesia (PT GAI). Green Ammonia diharapkan mampu menjawab kebutuhan ammonia dunia di masa yang akan datang dengan tidak menghasilkan emisi gas CO₂ selama proses produksinya.

PT GAI menghadapi tantangan internal dan eksternal dalam proses produksi hingga pemasaran produknya. Tantangan internal berupa resiko ledakan dari pengoperasian electrolyzer dan ammonia converter sebagai alat utama dalam proses produksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui tingkat resiko tersebut secara kuantitatif (Quantitative Risk Analysis atau QRA) yang dapat dinyatakan sebagai nilai Location Specific Individual Risk (LSIR) serta Individual Risk per Annum (IRPA) yang kemudian dibandingkan nilai standar resiko yang dirilis oleh UK HSE. Hasil perhitungan LSIR dan IRPA selanjutnya digunakan untuk menentukan kenaikan nilai investasi dan biaya operasional akibat perlunya tambahan peralatan safety. Tantangan eksternal yang bersifat komersial dapat mempengaruhi biaya produksi dan harga jual green ammonia seperti harga listrik, carbon tax revenue, serta insentif untuk memproduksi green ammonia atau pun green hydrogen.

Hasil perhitungan LSIR menunjukkan bahwa nilai risiko tertinggi berada di area Process yaitu 3,11E-04/tahun (kasus kebocoran electrolyzer) dan 5,28E-04/tahun (kasus kebocoran ammonia converter). Hal ini terjadi dikarenakan lokasi dari electrolyzer dan ammonia converter sama-sama berada di dalam area Process. Untuk nilai IRPA tertinggi yaitu sebesar 2,49E-04/tahun dan 4,22E-04/tahun didapat oleh working group Field Operator Ammonia karena memiliki paparan risiko terbesar dari kasus kebocoran electrolyzer mau pun ammonia converter. Untuk hasil evaluasi teknoekonomi setelah QRA menunjukkan bahwa terdapat kenaikan nilai Capital Expenditure (CAPEX) untuk penambahan unit Fire water yang terintegrasi dengan PT GAI sedangkan penambahan OPEX dapat diabaikan. Perubahan nilai CAPEX ini memberikan nilai Internal Rate of Return (IRR) yang lebih kecil sehingga perlu dilakukan cara-cara untuk menaikkan IRR demi menjaga tingkat kompetitif bisnis industri green ammonia. Cara yang pertama yaitu dengan mengimplementasikan instrumen finansial yang mendukung green industry, sedangkan cara kedua dengan melakukan internal engineering yaitu dengan memilah nilai CAPEX awal untuk peralatan-peralatan pabrik yang dapat difabrikasi secara domestik atau lokal Indonesia sehingga dapat menurunkan nilai CAPEX yang pada akhirnya dapat menaikkan IRR. Untuk cara pertama didapat hasil optimum yaitu nilai CAPEX $211.654.574, harga listrik 0,018$/kWh, harga jual ammonia 483 $/ton, pajak pendapatan 19%, bunga pinjaman bank sebesar 5%, dan nilai IRR 10%. Sedangkan untuk cara kedua didapat hasil optimum yaitu nilai CAPEX $266.652.000, harga listrik $0,05/kWh, harga jual ammonia $483/ton,dan IRR 7%.

Global demands for reduced CO2 emissions and the increasing demand for ammonia in the future have prompted PT Kaltim Parna Industri (PT KPI) to establish a subsidiary called PT Green Ammonia Indonesia (PT GAI). Green Ammonia is expected to be able to meet the world's future ammonia needs by producing no CO2 emissions during its production process.

PT GAI faces internal and external challenges in the production process and marketing of its products. Internal challenges include the risk of explosions from the operation of the electrolyzer and ammonia converter, the main equipment in the production process. This study aims to determine the level of risk quantitatively (Quantitative Risk Analysis or QRA), which can be expressed as Location Specific Individual Risk (LSIR) and Individual Risk per Annum (IRPA) values, which are then compared to the standard risk values ??released by UK HSE. The results of the LSIR and IRPA calculations are then used to determine the increase in investment value and operational costs due to the need for additional safety equipment. External commercial challenges can affect the production costs and selling price of green ammonia, such as electricity prices, carbon tax revenue, and incentives to produce green ammonia or green hydrogen.

The LSIR calculation results show that the highest risk values ??are in the Process area, namely 3.11E-04/year (electrolyzer leak case) and 5.28E-04/year (ammonia converter leak case). This occurs because the location of the electrolyzer and ammonia converter are both in the Process area. The highest IRPA values ??of 2.49E-04/year and 4.22E-04/year were obtained by the Ammonia Field Operator working group because they have the greatest risk exposure from electrolyzer and ammonia converter leak cases. The technoeconomic evaluation results after QRA show that there is an increase in the Capital Expenditure (CAPEX) value for the addition of a Firewater unit integrated with PT GAI while the addition of OPEX can be ignored. This change in CAPEX value provides a smaller Internal Rate of Return (IRR) value so that ways are needed to increase the IRR to maintain the competitive level of the green ammonia industry business. The first way is by implementing financial instruments that support the green industry, while the second way is by conducting internal engineering, namely by sorting the initial CAPEX value for factory equipment that can be manufactured domestically or locally in Indonesia so as to reduce the CAPEX value which can ultimately increase the IRR. For the first method, the optimum results were obtained, namely a CAPEX value of $211,654,574, an electricity price of $0.018/kWh, an ammonia selling price of $483/ton, an income tax of 19%, a bank loan interest of 5%, and an IRR of 10%. Meanwhile, for the second method, the optimum results were obtained, namely a CAPEX value of $266,652,000, an electricity price of $0.05/kWh, an ammonia selling price of $483/ton, and an IRR of 7%.

Kata Kunci : quantitative risk analysis, technoeconomy, green incentive