Identifikasi Perubahan Morfologi Kubah Lava Gunung Merapi Menggunakan DEM Dari Foto Udara Tahun 2024 sampai dengan 2025 di Provinsi Jawa Tengah dan Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
Jefry Ryan Yanuar Choiri, 1. Ir. Rochmad Muryamto, M.Eng. Sc.
2026 | Tugas Akhir | D4 TEKNOLOGI SURVEI DAN PEMETAAN DASAR
Metode yang digunakan adalah pengolahan data
foto udara hasil akuisisi UAV oleh Balai Penyelidikan dan Pengembangan Teknologi
Kebencanaan Geologi. Foto udara diolah menggunakan perangkat lunak Agisoft
Metashape untuk menghasilkan ortofoto, DEM, dan tiled model. Hitung
ketelitian geometri dilakukan untuk mengetahui ketelitian horizontal dan vertikal peta
berdasarkan Peraturan Kepala
Hasil proyek akhir menunjukkan kubah tengah
mengalami perubahan yang tidak stabil, dengan pengurangan sekitar 62.027 m³
pada 30 Maret 2024 – 11 Juli 2024, pengurangan besar sekitar 83.235 m³ pada 11
Juli 2024 – 23 Juli 2024, dan kembali bertumbuh sekitar 80.426 m³ pada 23 Juli
2024 – 26 April 2025. Sementara itu, kubah barat daya mengalami dinamika yang
lebih signifikan, dengan pengurangan sekitar 86.853 m³ pada 30 Maret 2024 – 11 Juli 2024 dan 58.364,09
m³ pada 11 Juli 2024 – 23 Juli 2024, serta bertambah secara pesat 558.163,23 m³
pada 23 Juli 2024 – 26 April 2025. Laju ekstrusi kubah tengah 290 m³/hari,
sedangkan kubah barat daya mencapai lebih dari 2.015 m³/hari pada periode
pertumbuhan kubah lava. Visualisasi peta 3D membantu memperlihatkan perubahan
morfologi secara lebih jelas, serta hasil menunjukkan bahwa kubah barat daya
lebih aktif dalam dinamika morfologi Gunung Merapi.
Mount
Merapi is located on the border between Central Java and the Special Region of
Yogyakarta. Mount Merapi is one of the most active volcanoes in Indonesia,
characterized by repeated growth and reduction of lava domes. Changes in the
morphology of lava domes, especially the central and southwest domes, play an
important role in the emergence of hot clouds that can threaten surrounding
settlements. Therefore, monitoring of the lava dome is necessary to determine
changes in its shape, volume, and extrusion rate. This final project aims to
map the morphological changes of Mount Merapi's lava dome in 2D and 3D,
calculate volume changes, and analyze the extrusion rate during the period from
March 2024 to April 2025.
The method
used was the processing of aerial photo data acquired by UAV conducted by the
Center for Geological Disaster Technology Research and Development. Aerial
photos were processed using Agisoft Metashape software to produce orthophotos,
DEM, and tiled models. Geometric accuracy calculations were performed to
determine the horizontal and vertical accuracy of the map based on Regulation
of the Head of the Geospatial Information Agency Number 18 of 2021. Volume
changes were calculated using the cut and fill method, while the extrusion rate
was obtained from the difference in volume between time periods. The results of
the tiled model processing were then visualized in the form of a web
scene-based 3D map using ArcGIS Online so that it could be accessed online.
The results of the final project showed that the central dome experienced unstable changes, with a reduction of approximately 62,027 m³ from March 30, 2024, to July 11, 2024, a large reduction of approximately 83,235 m³ from July 11, 2024, to July 23, 2024, and a subsequent growth of approximately 80,426 m³ between July 23, 2024, and April 26, 2025. Meanwhile, the southwest dome experienced more significant dynamics, with a reduction of approximately 86,853 m³ from March 30, 2024 to July 11, 2024 and 58,364.09 m³ from July 11, 2024 to July 23, 2024, rapidly increasing by 558,163.23 m³ from July 23, 2024, to April 26, 2025. The extrusion rate of the central dome was 290 m³/day, while the southwest dome reached more than 2,015 m³/day during the lava dome growth period. The 3D map visualization helped to present the morphological changes more clearly, and the results indicated that the southwest dome was more active in the morphological dynamics of Mount Merapi.
Kata Kunci : Gunung Merapi, Kubah Lava, Morfologi, Perubahan Volume, Laju Ekstrusi