PRAKTIK PENGELOLAAN HUTAN OLEH MASYARAKAT DESA MATOTONAN DALAM KAWASAN TAMAN NASIONAL SIBERUT

MUHAMMAD BAYU AJI SASONGKO, Ir. Kristiani Fajar Wianti, S.Hut., M.Si., IPM

2025 | Skripsi | KEHUTANAN

Pengelolaan hutan di Desa Matotonan berada dalam dinamika antara kebijakan konservasi negara dan sistem adat Suku Mentawai yang telah lama mengatur ruang hidup masyarakat. Penetapan Siberut sebagai kawasan konservasi memperkuat batas teritorial negara, sementara masyarakat Matotonan mempertahankan tata kelola berbasis uma, nilai Sabulungan, serta zonasi tradisional yang mengatur akses, fungsi ruang, dan etika ekologis. Penggalian data dilakukan melalui pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan wawancara, observasi partisipatif, dan dokumentasi pada 15 Oktober–10 November 2024, dianalisis secara induktif melalui reduksi dan triangulasi data.

Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa kelembagaan adat berperan sentral dalam mengatur pemanfaatan hutan melalui musyawarah uma, peran Sikerei, serta penerapan aturan adat yang mengikat seluruh anggota komunitas. Zonasi tradisional seperti leleu, tetei, dan polaggaijat berfungsi sebagai instrumen ekologis dan sosial dalam menjaga keberlanjutan sumber daya. Pemanfaatan rotan, sagu, fauna, dan kayu berlangsung selektif, berbasis pantangan, dan mengutamakan regenerasi. Mekanisme adat tersebut selaras dengan prinsip Community-Based Conservation, membuka peluang integrasi dengan pengelolaan Taman Nasional Siberut dalam membangun model konservasi kolaboratif yang adaptif dan berbasis budaya lokal.

Forest governance in Matotonan Village operates within the dynamic intersection of state conservation policies and the long-standing customary system of the Mentawai people that structures the community’s living space. The designation of Siberut as a conservation area has reinforced state territorial boundaries, while the Matotonan community continues to uphold uma-based governance, Sabulungan values, and traditional zoning systems that regulate access, spatial functions, and ecological ethics. Data were collected using a descriptive qualitative approach through interviews, participant observation, and documentation conducted from 15 October to 10 November 2024, and were analyzed inductively through data reduction and triangulation.

The findings indicate that customary institutions play a central role in regulating forest use through uma deliberations, the authority of the Sikerei, and the enforcement of customary rules binding all community members. Traditional zones such as leleu, tetei, and polaggaijat function as ecological and social instruments to sustain resource continuity. The utilization of rattan, sago, fauna, and timber is practiced selectively, guided by taboos, and prioritizes regeneration. These customary mechanisms align with the principles of Community-Based Conservation, offering opportunities for integration with the management of Siberut National Park to develop an adaptive, culturally grounded model of collaborative conservation.

Kata Kunci : Community-Based Conservation (CBC), Suku Mentawai, Taman Nasional Siberut, konservasi hutan